ABSTRACT
Tissue engineering relies on the principle that mesenchymal stem cells are capable of differentiating to optimize almost all craniofacial structures. Temporary biomimetic scaffolds are necessary for accommodating cell growth and tissue genesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alendronate on adipose-derived stem cells [ADSCs] from dogs and to compare bone regeneration in critical-sized calvarial bone defect in dogs using ADSCs in the presence and the absence of locally delivered alendronate. Seven dogs were used for the study. After isolating the adipose tissue from the inguinal pad of fat, stem cells were harvested and expanded in culture. The effect of alendronate 1 mg/ml on stem cells' osteogenic differentiation was tested for 7 days. Three critical-sized calvarial defects were created in each dog. One defect was filled with stem cells seeded on a chitosan scaffold and soaked in an osteogenic media, the second was fi lled with stem cells seeded on a chitosan scaffold and soaked with osteogenic medium, and the third one was fi lled with stem cells seeded on a chitosan scaffold. Bone formation was tested histologically after 8 weeks in each defect. Alendronate is capable of inducing osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs after 7 days of in-vitro culture. Bones such as trabeculae were deposited in alendronate and osteogenic medium defects, whereas the control group showed only fibrous tissue formation. There was no statistically significant difference in the surface area of the deposited bone trabeculae between the alendronate group and the osteogenic medium group. The surface area of individual bone trabeculae in this group was 147.99 +/- 14.803 compared with the osteogenic group. Alendronate may be used locally at a concentration of 10 mg/ml to induce osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs both in vitro and in vivo. The combination of a local, short-term alendronate treatment with ADSCs and biodegradable chitosan scaffold enhances the bone repair of a critical-sized calvarial defect in vivo
ABSTRACT
This experimental study was made to evaluate the osteogenic potential of Bioglass/Dextran composite clinically, radiographically and histologically in induced mandibular bone defects in 12 mongrel dogs and suitability of this material to the ridge augmentation procedures. In the right mandibular side, first molar was removed followed by localized alveolectomy then the site was compressed with the composite graft while in the left side, a rectangular defect was surgically induced with dimensions 20 x l0x 5 mm just below the inferior alveolar canal then compressed with the graft material. Both grafted defects were compared with the control animals along intervals 3, 6 and 12 weeks postoperative periods clinically, radiographically, histologically and histomorphometrically. the current study proved that this composite is bioactive, has high osteogenic potential and could be used effectively in large osseous defects without any adverse inflammatory, allergic or cytotoxic reactions. In addition, this composite could be used in alveolar ridge augmentation procedures as it caused a statistically significant increase in rate and density of bone formation in these defects compared to the control animals. Bioglass/Dextran composite is an effective osteoconductive and osteostimulatory graft material that could be used in large osseous defects and in ridge augmentation procedures especially with the use of barrier membrane
Subject(s)
Animals , Bone Transplantation , Composite Resins , Dogs , Ceramics , Postoperative Care , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Oral and maxillofacial trauma studied has been directed extensively towards improvement of surgical approaches, appliances, and techniques, yet the study of surgical trauma with regards patient's immunocompetence has not received the same attention. The present investigation was directed to clarify the effect of open reduction and internal fixation [ORIF] and surgical insult in cases of parasymphyseal mandibular fractures on salivary immunoglobulin A [SIgA]. It was hoped to rationalize the trauma associated with surgery, especially in cases of already traumatized patients. This was an attempt to give the oral mucosal immune system the due attention in planning of different surgical techniques. Fourteen adult Egyptian patients with parasymphyseal mandibular fractures were the subjects of this study. All patients have been treated under general anaesthesia [G.A.]. Patients were divided randomly into two equal groups; Group I: parasymphyseal fractures were managed by non-surgical lingual splint. Group II: parasymphyseal fractures were managed by surgical open reduction and internal fixation [ORIF]. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from the patients preoperatively [on the day of admission], postoperatively [before discharge], 24 hours postoperatively, then at one week, three weeks, six weeks, and eight weeks postoperatively. The quantitative determination of the concentration of salivary immunoglobulin A [SIgA] was done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. The data was tabulated and statistically analyzed. Group II patients returned to normal level of SIgA by the seventh day of postoperatively. The results revealed that though it seems that the surgical procedures of the ORIF are more insulting to the oral mucosal immune system than the application of the interdental wires of the splint, but the results of the study showed that the lingual splint to be more traumatizing and insulting to the oral mucosa