ABSTRACT
Objective@#This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of semen parameters in samples used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with fertilization and pregnancy rates in infertile couples. @*Methods@#In this prospective study of Infertile couples with male factor infertility that had undergone ICSI, fractions of the same semen samples obtained for microinjection (to ensure the best predictability) were evaluated to determine the semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) on the day of oocyte recovery. @*Results@#In total, 120 couples completed the study and were subdivided into fertilized (n=87) and non-fertilized couples (n=33). The fertilized couples were further classified into pregnant (n=48) and non-pregnant (n=39) couples. Compared to non-fertilized and non-pregnant couples, fertilized and pregnant couples showed statistically significantly higher sperm viability and percentage of normal sperm morphology, as well as significantly lower sperm DFI values. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of data from the 120 ICSI cycles showed that sperm viability, normal sperm morphology percentages, and sperm DFI were significant prognostic indicators of fertilization at cutoff values of 40%, 7%, and 46%, respectively. A sperm DFI of 46% showed sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 90%, respectively, for predicting fertilization, and no clinical pregnancies occurred in couples with a sperm DFI above 46%. @*Conclusion@#Semen parameters from the ICSI day sample, especially sperm viability, normal morphology, and DFI, had an impact on fertilization and pregnancy outcomes in ICSI cycles.
ABSTRACT
Abstract: objective: to determine the prevalence of carious lesions and gingivitis in 2- to 4-year-old children attending JUNJI daycare centers and urban municipal schools in the city of Valdivia, Chile. material and method: descriptive cross-sectional study. a population of 182 two-year-old children and 285 four-year-old children were examined. subjects were selected by stratified random sampling. all subjects were enrolled in daycare centers managed by JUNJI and municipal schools in the city of Valdivia. an oral examination was performed to measure the DMFT and hemorrhagic indexes according to the WHO diagnostic criteria. the presence of cavitated carious lesions and gingivitis was determined, resulting in descriptive statistics according to age and gender. results: the prevalence of caries was 12.6 percent in two-year-old children and 41 percent in four-year-olds, respectively. the prevalence of gingivitis was 36.8 percent at 2 years of age and 70.5 percent at 4 years. there were no significant differences by gender at 2 years of age (p=1) or at 4 years (p=0.37). two year-old children have significantly fewer carious lesions and gingivitis less frequently than four-year-olds (p=<.001). conclusion: two year-old children have a lower prevalence of carious lesions and gingivitis than four-year-old ones. no relationship between the variables and gender was found.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Self-Assessment , Students, Dental , Education, Dental , Sudan , Teaching , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objectives: Gastrointestinal symptoms are a common feature in children with pervasive developmental disorders, drawing attention to a potential association with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. However, studies to date regarding the immune response to gluten in Pervasive Developmental disorders and its association with celiac disease have been inconsistent
Subjects and Methods: This cross sectional case control study included 45 patients aged 3 to 12 years [with or without gastrointestinal symptoms] diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorders according to DSM- IV TR, Childhood Autism Rating Scale [CARS] and Gallium test for autistic characters. EEG was done to diagnose epilepsy. They had been regularly attending out patient clinic of center for care of children with special needs, institute of postgraduate childhood studies; Ain shams University, Egypt for at least one year. Forty five apparently healthy children of matched age and sex were recruited as a control group. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM class antibodies to gliadin were measured by using EL1SA methods
Results: A total of forty five autistic children with confirmed diagnosis aged between 3 to 12 years were studied. They were 36 males and 9 females with male to female ratio 3.5:1. The mean age of introduction to cereals was 6 months [range 4- 8 months]
The main gastrointestinal symptoms as abdominal distension was present in 20 patients [44.4%], constipation in 16 patients [35.6%], chronic diarrhea in 8 patients [17.8%], vomiting in 9 patients [20%], anorexia in 19 patients [42.2%], iron- deficiency anemia that does not respond to iron therapy in 24 patients [53.3%], feeding difficulties in 10 patients [22,2%]. None of the autistics examined were positive for IgA and IgG antibodies tested, and 60% patients showed high serum levels of IgM antibodies to gliadin
Conclusion: The increased anti- gliadin antibody response and its association with GI symptoms points to a potential mechanism involving immunologic and/or intestinal permeability abnormalities in affected children. Immunological detection of, IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies dass to gliadin are useful tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease
ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection still has a relatively high incidence and prevalence worldwide. In the post-vaccination era in developing countries, perinatal vertical transmission remains the most common mode of transmission. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission requires screening for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in pregnant women to identify which newborns that must be immunized. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant mothers who were attending outpatient clinic of the Obstetric Department, and Social and Preventive Medicine Center at Cairo University Hospital Campus, for routine antenatal care. Methods: A cross sectional study included 2,000 pregnant women. A rapid screening test for HBV “One Step HBsAg Rapid Test” was done for all women and all HBsAg-positive cases were confirmed by ELISA for HBsAg. A structured questionnaire for risk factors for HBV acquisition was filled for every pregnant mother positive for HBsAg and a control group of HBsAg negative mothers. Results: Out of 2,000 pregnant women, 35 (1.75%) were positive by the rapid test, out of whom 32/35 cases (91.43) were confirmed to be positive by the confirmatory test representing 1.6% of the study population. Family history of HBV, previous intravenous (IV) injections, medical clinic attendance, hospital admission, and surgeries were the risk factors for acquiring HBV infection (P-value=0.001, 0.003, 0.002, 0.000, and 0.011, respectively). Conclusion: HBV infection is prevalent among pregnant mothers attending our outpatient services. Therefore we recommend screening for HBV in all Egyptian pregnant mothers to prevent neonatal infection by immunoprophylaxis.
ABSTRACT
Background:Colon cancer is a major health problem worldwide and rated among as one of the top frequent cancers and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Treatment outcome is still not satisfactory and other treatment options are strongly needed. Carbohydrate protein interactions play a major role in numerous biological processes including cancer. However, the seeds of Raphanus sativus have never been tested for its anticancer effects on colon cancer. Therefore, this study aimed at elucidating the anti-carcinogenic effect of Raphanus sativus in combating chemically [DMH] induced colon cancer
Materials and methods: polysaccharides extract of Raphanus sativus [RS] was tested for its ability to reverse the carcinogenic effects of 1, 2 dimethylhydrazine [DMH] which is used for chemical induction of colon cancer in animal models.Rats were injected with DMH and the effects of RS extract either concomitant with or after the administration of DMH were evaluated. . We measured the serum Carcinoembryonic antigen and Carbohydrate antigen as a tumor markers, Glutathione reducatse and Glutathione S transferase as markers of antioxidant activity and liver functions
Results: RS significantly reduced Serum CEA [P<0.01] and CA19-9 [P<0.01] as an evidence of its anticarcinogenic effect in colon cancer. Moreover, RS was able to significantly increase activity of Glutathione reductase [p<0.01] and Glutathione- S- transferase [p<0.01] as a measure of antioxidant compared with DMH untreated group.Also RS was able to significantly increase activities of ALAT, ASAT and ALP [p<0.01]. Chemical analysis of RS done by NMR and paper chromatography revealed that the polysaccharide in RS was b-galactan and the type of bond that exists between sugar residues is 1, 3 and 1, 6 glucosidic linkages
Conclusions:This study shows that b-galactan of Raphanus sativus has pronounced cytotoxic effects on colon cancer cell line. Moreover, it reduces serum tumor markers and enhancing antioxidant activity in the DMH injected animals. This polysaccharide might be a suitable candidate as a chemopreventive and as an adjuvant therapy for colon cancer
ABSTRACT
Disorders of bone and mineral metabolism contribute to an increased prevalence of vascular calcification [VC] with its adverse clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease [CKD]. The pathogenesis of VC is not fully understood. Fetuin-A is one of the inhibitors of calcification whose level is lowered in patients with CKD. In addition fetuin-A 256Ser/Ser [allele G] might affect serum fetuin-A levels. The aim of this work was to study the association between fetuin-A and its gene and VC and also with bone mineral density [BMD] in patients with CKD on conservative treatment, on maintenance of hemodialysis [HD] and those who underwent renal transplantation. This study included twenty eight CKD patients on HD, seventeen CKD patients on conservative treatment and twelve patients who underwent transplantation in addition to sixteen healthy controls. All were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, laboratory investigations including fasting serum glucose, urea, creatinine, albumin, lipid profile, C-reactive protein [CRP], estimated glomerular filteration rate [e-GFR], calcium, phosphorus, calcium by phosphorus product [Ca×PO4], intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH], alkaline phosphatase [Alk], fetuin-A and genotyping for the common functional polymorphisms on fetuin-A [Thr256Ser] using the Polymerase chain reaction [PCR] technique. Radiological examination included ultrasonography of carotid arteries and assessment of VC by plain X-ray and assessment of BMD. Serum calcium was lower, phosphorus, Ca×PO4, iPTH and Alk were higher in all patient groups than control. Fetuin-A was lower in all patient groups compared to controls. VC was detected in 39.2% HD patients, 29.4% patients on conservative treatment and 25% patients on transplantation. T-score of BMD was significantly lower in all patient groups than control. There was no statistically significant difference between patients and control groups according to the frequencies of the three fetuin-A genotypes [C-G] but the distribution of the fetuin-A [C - G]; Thr256Ser gene polymorphisms in the studied subjects showed significant correlation with low serum fetuin-A levels. VC was associated with older age, male gender, longer HD duration, lower albumin, higher LDL-c, higher carotid plaques and lower T-score value of BMD. VC was evident in patients with CKD and it is related to atherosclerosis and lower BMD. Fetuin-A was lower in all patients with CKD with significant relation between serum fetuin-A level and its gene polymorphism but not with VC
ABSTRACT
This study was performed to assess the significance of association between coronary heart disease [CHD] and serum total homocysteine concentration in both Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori lgG seropositive patients. To evaluate the possible role of homocysteine, and its association with C. pneumoniae and H. pylori infections in myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, the serum homocysteine, C. pneumoniae lgG and H. pylori IgG as well as the lipid fractions including total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in CHD patients. Serum total homocysteine was significantly higher in the patients with acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris compared with healthy age-, and sexmatched control. Fifty eight percent of CHD patients were found to be C. pneumoniae lgG seropositive while 57% patients were H. pylori IgG seropositive. This study indicated that 72% patients with C. pneumoniae lgG seropositive and 70% of H. pylori IgG seropositive were characterized by hyperhomocysteinemia [> 14 alpha mol/L]. Our results suggest that elevated serum total homocysteine is mostly existence of associated with acute myocardial infarction and angina Pectoris. Serum homocysteine seems to be dependable prognostic marker in CHD patients and there also an association between elevated serum total homocysteine levels, and C. pneumoniae and H.pylori IgG antibody in patients suffering from CHD
ABSTRACT
A prospective study was performed on 50 preterm neonates and 20 full- term neonates as controls to determine risk factors from Candida colonization. In the first 24 hours after birth, umbilical stump, oropharyngeal swab, endotracheal aspirate and urine specimens were collected from each newborn. They were subjected to mycological examination, which was repeated if the patient proved negative for Candida after one week for patients and controls. Blood cultures were done for colonization patients. Candidal colonization was detected in 16 out of 50 of 50 preterm infants and only 2 cases out of 20 full- term infants. Candida albicans was the most common isolate accounting for 75% of the recovered isolates, followed by Candida parapsilosis, which grew in 5%, Candida tropicalis 4% and Candida stellatoidea 2%. There was a positive blood culture for only one positive colonized patient. The risk factors identified by multiple logistic regression analysis were lowest gestational age, use of antibiotics and diabetic mothers, whereas delivery by cesarean was protective
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Candidiasis/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Infant, Premature , Diabetes Mellitus , Anti-Bacterial AgentsABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to probe into the effectiveness and safety of clear lens extraction with phacoemulsification and implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens to correct high myopia. Phacoemulsification and implantation of PC-IOL through clear corneal tunnel incision was performed on 50 eyes of 30 high myopic patients. The average age of the patients was 55.9 years [40-67 years] old. The mean spherical equivalent was -18.46 +/- 3.63 D, the mean axial length was 27.71 +/- 1.63 mm and the mean diopter of the IOL was +4.6 +/- 2.4. The study concluded that clear lens phacoemulsification and PC-IOL implantation to correct high myopia is a safe, effective procedure serving as a refractive surgery, due to the good outcome of visual acuity, low incidence of complications as well as high predictability and stability