ABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To perform quality control studies on testicular volume measurements for a multi-center epidemiological study of male reproductive function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We constructed a data matrix with a balanced assignment for 2 consecutive days by ten investigators (andrological career: 4-21 years) from five institutions and 12 male volunteers aged 20-26 years. Testicular volume was measured by Prader's orchidometer. A skilled technician also performed an ultrasound estimate of testicular volume.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A statistically significant inter-investigator variation was found for both testes (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a statistically significant investigator-by-volunteer interaction in testicular volume measurement (P < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the two measurements performed on consecutive days for either testis. The testicular volumes for both the right and left testes as estimated by ultrasonography were smaller than results using the orchidometer. However, there was no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The difference in experiences of the investigators did not significantly correlate with accuracy of measurements in either testis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present study revealed significant differences in the results of estimation of testicular volume among the ten investigators, but intra-investigator variation was not considerable. Improved training and proper standardization of the measurement will be necessary before starting a multi-center study based on an andrological examination.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Andrology , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , TestisABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the mechanism of androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer after androgen ablation in LNCaP cells and the effect of glucuronidation activity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To establish androgen-independent growth in prostate cancer LNCaP-SF, continuous passage was performed in androgen-stripped medium and the cells were evaluated for glucuronidation activity. The expression vector of antisense uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl-transferase (UGT) 2B15 cDNA was also constructed and evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LNCaP-SF lead to a higher expression in UGT2B15 and their glucuronidation activity is 2.5 times higher than that of LNCaP cells. Significantly fewer LNCaP and LNCaP-SF than control were transfected with the antisense UGT2B15 cDNA, suggesting that UGT2B15 plays an important part in the glucuronidation activity of androgens in both cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The alteration of UGT2B15 expression in LNCaP-SF cells is proposed as a biological characteristic involved in the growth of hormone-refractory prostate cancer.</p>