ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of prostate cancer in men living in Calabar- Nigeria, which has not been determined up till now. Study Design: A trend analysis of prostate cancer cases in Calabar between 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2013. Place and Duration of Study: Calabar cancer registry, May to June 2015. Methodology: Record of prostate cancer cases in the Calabar cancer registry between 1st January 2004 and 31st December 2013,was accessed. The patients age, sex, place domiciled in the last one year; whether rural or urban as well as prostate cancer topography and morphology were obtained and analyzed. The population of males domiciled in Calabar was determined using the 2006 national population census data and 3.0% population growth as specified by the national population commission. Excluded are all male genital tract cancers outside prostate cancer .The data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 21. Results: Two hundred and seventy nine (279) prostate cancer cases were seen, with mean (SD) age of subjects being 64.2 (9.5) years, with a range 40 to 95 years. About 249 cases (89.3%) occurred in those who are 55 years or older at time of diagnosis, with the commonest age group being 60-64 years. The age specific incidence of prostate cancer is 89 per 100,000, both crude and adjusted incidence rates were highest in 2012 (69.4 and 97.4 per 100,000, respectively). There was significant decrease in incidence rates in the initial five years (2004-2008), and increase in rates in the following five years of study (2009-2013). Within the 5-year period from 2004 to 2008, there was an average annual decrease in incidence rate of 9.63% (95% CI: 6.1%-12.8%). However, within the 5-year period from 2009 to 2013, there was an average annual increase in incidence rate of 11.95% (95%CI: 8.72% to 13.04%). Conclusion: This epidemiologic study demonstrate the incidence of prostate cancer in Calabar, Nigeria, with a predominance of patients in the 60- 64 years age group. West African states have to scale up population screening and study of this neoplasm.
ABSTRACT
Study on the prevalence of brancroftian filariasis among sub-urban dwellers of Edim Otop Community in Calabar, Nigeria was carried out between April and November, 2009. Two hundred and twenty two willing participants within the age range of 15-55 years, from 5 designated zones were randomly selected for the collection of day and night blood samples for screening by ICT card test and Knott’s concentration methods respectively for Wuchereria bancroftian antigen and microfilaria. The participants were made up of 129 males (56.31%) and 92 females (43.69%). The numbers of positive cases obtained by the highly sensitive ICT card test were 38 (17.20%). There was no positive case by the conventional Knott’s concentration method. The highest number of positive cases (4.5%) was obtained from Edim Otop Close and Bassey Oqua zones with 40 and 38 participants, while the least number of positive cases (2.2%) were obtained from Edim Otop Crescent and University of Calabar Satellite town as compared to other zones of the study. . The highest (15.85%) antigenaemia were observed within the ages of 37-47 and the least (0.9%) within 15-25 years old participants. A higher percentage of positive cases were recorded among male participants (57.89%) than females (42.11%). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the distribution of parasites according to age and gender in the study area using Chi square methods. Edim Otop Community in Calabar, Cross River State is presented in this study as having shown positive cases of antigenaemia due to Wuchereria bancrofti.