Craniofacial ossification in rat fetuses following prenatal exposure to dimethoate and carbosulfan insecticides

Pesticides, including insecticides, occupy a unique position among many chemicals that man encounters daily for the purpose of pest control in all agricultural programs. In fact, most of such chemicals are not highly selective and constitute potential hazard to many non-target species including man and other animals. The present study aimed to study the teratogenic effects of both dimethoate and carbosulfan insecticides on the ossification of craniofacial bones in albino rat fetuses. In this study, fifty female albino rats were allocated to ten groups [5/each group]; control, low dose dimethoate 1/40 LD50 [8.25 mg/kg], medium dose dimethoate 1/20 LD5O [16.5 mg/kg], high dose dimethoate 1/10 LD50 [33 mg/kg], low dose carbosulfan 1/40 LD50 [5.2 mg/kg], medium dose carbosulfan 1/20 LD50 [10.45 mg/kg], high dose carbosulfan 1/40 LD50 [20.9 mg/kg], mixed low doses of dimethoate and carbosulfan, mixed medium doses of dimethoate and carbosulfan, and mixed high doses of dimethoate and carbosulfan. Animals of all groups were sacrificed in the morning of 20[th] day of gestation. Then all specimens were stained with alizarin red stain for evaluation of ossification of skeletal system. The results of the present study revealed that both dimethoate and carbosulfan insecticides, had a deleterious effect on the ossification of craniofacial bones and that the most affected bones were supraoccipital, presphenoid, and interparietal bones. These effects were marked in the high doses and mixed low dose groups. It is concluded that the deleterious effects were increased with the increasing dose of either dimethoate or carbosulfan insecticides and that the mixture of low doses had an effect near to that of medium and sometimes high doses

arterial pattern of the human uterus in relation to age

The internal genitalia of 40 human females were divided into three groups, each group containing specimens of different ages. In the first group the internal iliac artery was injected with vinilyte and latex. In the second group, the uterine vascular tree was dissected. Concerning the third group, histological sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Mallory trichrome stains. The uterine artery was found dividing into descending and ascending branches. The latter gave a circular branch to the cervix, then ran tortuously upwards by the side of the uterus to the uterine cornu, where it anastomosed with the ovarian artery giving during its course superficial and deep segmental arteries. The superficial ones were long, and passed in the outer layer of myometrium anastomosing with their fellows of the opposite side. The deep segmental arteries were short and took a slightly tortuous course in the middle part of the myometrium. Both superficial and deep arteries sent arcuate arteries anastomosing with their ipsi and contralateral fellows and sending spiral arteries to supply the endometrium. Correlations between the present anatomical results and certain surgical problems in the gynaecological and obstetric practice were provided