ABSTRACT
Objectives: metabolic syndrome [MetS] is a group of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, including dysglycemia, central obesity, high cholesterol, and hypertension. Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common complications of MetS. Recent studies showed that prevalence of MetS among patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome was as high as 46%
Design: we conducted a cross-sectional study of 203 patients at the two main hospitals in Ta'if, Saudi Arabia. Patients older than 18 years who were admitted to the Cardiac Care Unit [CCU] between the months of August 2013 and June 2014 were asked to participate. MetS diagnosis was made based on the International Diabetes Federation Definition
Results: a total of 203 patients participated, with 59.1% male and 40.9% were female. The mean age was 60.9 years with a mean body mass index of 28.97 kg/m2 and a mean waist circumference of 95.45 cm. The prevalence of MetS was 47.8%, primarily among obese female patients who reported sedentary lifestyles. Additionally, MetS patients were more likely to be admitted with heart failure [p < 0.05] and more likely to have moderate-to-severe leftventricular hypertrophy [LVH; p < 0.05] relative to non-MetS patients
Conclusion: of the patients admitted to the CCU, 47.8% had MetS, with those patients likely to be female and obese. Furthermore, MetS patients were more likely to be admitted with heart failure and suffer from moderateto- severe LVH
ABSTRACT
Recent data suggest that the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] may be linked to increased cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. Here we assess whether NAFLD, as diagnosed by ultrasound, predicts the risk of incident cardiovascular and renal impairment events. A total of 1150 patients with normal or near normal liver and kidney functions, and without protienuria or histories of cardiovascular accident were included in this multicenter prospective observational cohort study. All patients were subjected to full clinical evaluation, laboratory investigation including estimation of the GFR and immunonephelometric evaluation for protienuria, and abdominal ultrasonography for diagnosis of NAFLD. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program [NCEP]-ATP criteria. All patients followed up periodically over three years for the incidence of cardiovascular [including coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage] and renal impairment events. Only 747 [62.25%] patients completed the follow-up examination and were included in the final analysis. 35.8% of them fulfilled the sonographic criteria of NAFLD. The frequency of cardiovascular accident and renal impairment was significantly higher in them: 136 patients [50.7%] vs. 110 [23%]; P < 0.001 for cardiovascular events, 88 [32.8%] vs. 88 [18.4%], P < 0.001 for microalbuminuria; and 24 [8.9%] vs. 14 [2.9%], P < 0.001 for macroalbuminuria. Also, mean estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] was significantly lower in patients with NAFLD [96 +/- 23.28 vs. 111 +/- 28.37; P < 0.001]. Logistic regression analysis revealed that NAFLD was the best predictor for cardiovascular and renal impairment.