ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and the prognosis still remains dismal, so the present work was planned to assess the prognostic value of Ki67 in mice model of HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN), in addition to its correlation to the histopathological changes. Forty male Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into two groups; group I: 10 mice were served as controls and group II: 30 mice were injected i.p with DEN at a dose of 75 mg/kg b.w once /week for three weeks then 100 mg/kg b.w for another 3 weeks. Mice were sacrificed after 6, 12 and 18 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. Liver specimens were processed for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical expression of Ki67. Results of histopathological study revealed spotty necrosis with enlarged nuclei and cholestasis 6 weeks after DEN injection. Proliferation of bile ducts, perivenous focal apoptosis and increased number of cells acquiring large nuclei were prominent after 12 weeks. Deleterious effect of DEN was obvious after 18 weeks; where HCC features were seen as sheets of malignant hepatocytes, multinodular areas of coagulative necrosis and nodule of ghosts' necrotic hepatocytes. Collagen deposition was time dependent and showed maximum level around and within nodules in HCC after 18 weeks. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki67 showed increased positivity after 6 and 12 weeks and the highest increase in the number of Ki67 positive cells after 18 weeks of DEN injection. Conclusion: Based on the previous data, it could be concluded that ki67 can be used as a biological marker for prognosis of HCC.
ABSTRACT
Background: Helicobacter pyloriis is a Gram negative, bacterium that colonizes human gastric mucosa and is one of the most common bacterial pathogens worldwide with prevalence of up to 90 % in developing Countries. It is the primary cause of peptic ulcer disease and an etiologic agent in the development of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection is curable with regimens of multiple antimicrobial agents. However, antibiotic resistance is a leading cause of treatment failure. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of H.pylori in gastric biopsies taken from Egyptian patients by using invasive methods and study the role of antimicrobial agents in elimination of this bacterium
Methodology: From 50 patients, 3 antral gastric biopsies were taken from the greater curvature about 2 cm, from pylorus. The first biopsy was for direct Gram's stain and culture [using Blood agar] to apply Traditional Biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility test to different antibiotics, The second biopsy was used for rapid urease test [using modified Christensen's urea broth] and the third biopsy was kept in deep, freezer at -70 C in brain heart infusion broth for PCR assay using Ure c gene
Results: Among 50 patients, 22[44%] were positive by culture, 17[34%] were positive by direct Gram's stain with 77.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 90% accuracy, while 19[38%] were positive by rapid urease test with 63.6% sensitivity, 82.1% specificity and 74% accuracy, and 25[50%] were positive by PCR with 95.5% sensitivity, 89.3% specificity and 92% accuracy .By antimicrobial Susceptibility testing using disc diffusion method, it was shown that the highest susceptibility of the isolated H.pylori strains was to amoxicillin [90.9%] followed by tetracycline [81.8%], Gentamicin [54.5%] Erythromycin [18.2%] and Ciprofloxacin [9.1 %]. However no one [zero %] was highly sensitive to Metronidazole
Conclusion: Some of antibiotics widely used in Egypt are no longer suitable for treatment of Helicobacter pylori and new antibiotics regimen are needed to eradicate this organism
ABSTRACT
Irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] can be diagnosed at any age but a new diagnosis of IBS should be made in patients older than 60 years of age because other diseases [colon cancer, diverttculitis, inflammatory bowel may have similar presenting symptoms. Research studies consistently show that women are two to three times more likely than men to be diagnosed with IBS, Over 40 years ago, it was recognized that a percentage of patients with irritable colon developed typical IBS symptoms after an acute infective enteritis [eg, postdysentery IBS]. The aim of the present work to study the relationship between helicobacter pylori and irritable bowel syndrome. The present study was conducted on 30 subjects, They were stratified into 2 groups: group I [IBS groups], they were twenty patients with symptoms suggestive of irritable bowel syndrome according to Rome criteria II, they were 6 males [30%] and 14 females [70%] and their ages were ranging from 18 to 50 years with a mean value of [36.5 +/- 13.2 years] and this group underwent upper endoscopy and colonoscopy and random biopsies were taken from gastric and colonic mucosa for histological examination. Group II [control group] included ten healthy volunteers with no symptoms suggestive of irritable bowel syndrome, they were [5] males and [5] females matched by age They were chosen from referrals to the endoscopy unit of Menoufiya University Hospital. An informed consent was obtained from all included subjects. There was statistically significant difference in the results of histopathological examination of biopsies taken from the colon. There is increase in inflammatory cell infiltration of mucosa of the colon of IBS patient than control groups [lymphocyte infiltration, plasma cell and eosinophit. Helicobacter pylori [HP] did not colonize the colon mucosa. There was no a statistically significant difference in the results of hisiopathological examination of biopsies taken from the gastric antrum of IBS patient and control group [inflammatory cell infiltration]. There was no statistically significant difference of presence of HP in the gastric mucosa of IBS patients and healthy control. No direct correlation between HP infection and IBS but there was intense inflammatory response in the presence of HP