ABSTRACT
Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma [NEC] of the mediastinum is a rare type of carcinoma. According to the literature, only five cases of this condition have been reported so far. In this paper, we present a rare case of mediastinal NEC of unknown primary site. The patient was a 34-year-old man with mediastinal NEC, who presented with chronic dry cough and a right-sided mediastinal mass one year prior to hospital admission [winter 1391]. His condition was confirmed by cervical lymph node biopsy. The patient refused to undergo chemotherapy treatment. During the hospital admission, the patient presented with severe dyspnea and signs of superior vena cava syndrome. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the chest revealed a large heterogeneous mass extended from the right superior mediastinum to the right lung base with the encasement of the superior vena cava. After radiotherapy, the patient?s symptoms subsided and he underwent etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy. After a 20-month patient follow-up, the subject remained alive and symptom-free
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Tuberculosis [TB], with different types of respiratory tract involvements, has a high rate of mortality all around the world. Endobronchial involvement, which is a slightly common tuberculous infection, requires special attention due to its severe complications such as bronchostenosis. Aim of study of this study was describes, one type of pulmonary tuberculosis with less diagnosed and delayed treatment. High suspicious needs to diagnose and may be need bronchoscopy for confirmed the diagnosis. It can be associated with sever complication and early diagnosis and treatment are necessary for prevention of adverse effect
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a teaching hospital during 2005-2010. Patients diagnosed with endobronchial tuberculosis through bronchoscopic biopsy were included in the study. Diagnosis was confirmed by observation of caseous necrosis, bronchial lavage fluid or positive acid-fast staining in tissue samples obtained through bronchial biopsy. Moreover, demographic information, endobronchial view, lab tests, as well as clinical and radiographic findings were reviewed and evaluated retrospectively
Results: A total of 20 cases were confirmed with endobronchial tuberculosis, 75% of whom were female with the mean age of 60 years. The results showed that the most common clinical symptom was cough [80%], the most common finding in the chest X-ray was consolidation [75%], and the most common bronchoscopic feature was anthracosis [55%]
Conclusion: TB is still a major concern, particularly in the developing countries. Thus, in order for early diagnosis and prevention of this disease, we need to pay meticulous attention to its clinical manifestations and bronchoscopic features
ABSTRACT
Introduction: To recognize the predisposing factors in tuberculosis as an endemic infection in Northeast province of Iran, this study was aimed to evaluate whether HumanT-lymphocyte type 1 [HTLV-I] as an immunosuppressive factor increases the risk of tuberculosis
Materials and Methods: A Case-control study was conducted in 278 tuberculosis patients from 2007 to 2010, in Mashhad, Iran. Tuberculosis has been diagnosed by gold standard tests like sputum culture, bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] culture or cytology. For detection of HTLV-I antibody, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay method and western Blot as the confirming test were performed. Then 276 healthy cases were matched for gender and age
Results: The mean age of tuberculosis patients was 49.67 +/- 21.36 years and for control cases was 48.36 +/- 20.74. In patients group, 114 [41.6%] were male, 160 [58.4%] were female and in controls 123 [44.6%] were male and 153 [55.4%] were female. Pulmonary tuberculosis was presented in 84.2% of the patients. The frequency of HTLV-1 was 2.9% and 3.3% in patients and controls, respectively. HTLV-I frequency was higher in male patients and it increased by age
Conclusion: Regarding to this study, HTLV-I infection is not stand-alone sufficient for increasing the risk of tuberculosis