Appraisal of pain perception among nurses who are working with hospitalized eschool age children

Pain is one of the major physical and psychological stressors for children. The preschool age children like the rest of humanity can experience pain. Children's pain management has been found to be problematic and in need of improvement. The aim of the study was to appraise pain perception among nurses who are working with hospitalized preschool age children at Cairo University Pediatric Hospital and El Monira Pediatric Hospital. A descriptive design was utilized in this study. A total sample was 100 nurses who had work in medicine units in pediatric hospitals at the time of collecting data. Two tools were used to collect the required data, the structured questionnaire sheet which include pairtenent data regarding the socio-demographic characteristics of nurses and their knowledge about pain in hospitalized preschool age child. The second tool was pain perception scale. The study results revealed that nearly fifth of nurses [22%] had good level of knowledge; nurses who had fair and poor level of knowledge about pain in children were 34% and 44% respectively. Less than half of nurses [48%] had acceptable level of perception, 44% had poor level, and only 8% had high level of perception. It was obviously that, there was a statistical significant positive correlation between nurses' knowledge and perception regarding pain in preschool aged children. The present study recommended that, periodic and continues in- services training programs for nurses about pain assessment and management should be done, based on the latest research findings and innovations in the area of pediatric pain

Effect of teaching strategies on the maternal and fetal outcomes among gestational diabetic woman

Gestational diabetes is a condition that complicates 2% to 5% of all pregnant women. When gestational diabetes occurs, health implications occur for the mother and infant not only during pregnancy and birth but for the long term as well. In order to minimize the higher prevalence of gestational diabetes in Egypt, proper care and diet, perhaps the most favorable approach to control. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of teaching strategies [auto and Agent] on the maternal and fetal outcomes among gestational diabetic women. A quasi - experimental design was utilized to study the phenomena under investigation. The study sample was included 90 gestational diabetic women [divided into three equal group: two care given groups and one control groups]. Demographic recording sheet, structure knowledge interview [pre-post test], observational checklist and evaluation sheet for maternal and fetal outcomes, data form were used to collect data pertinent to the study. Orem model was a conceptual framework. The results of the study evidenced that teaching and practiced self-care for diabetic pregnant woman were beneficial for improvement of maternal and fetal outcomes. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between two care given groups and control group, regarding to improvement of glucose level [X[2] = 17.8, p = < 0.006] and development of complication such as pre-eclampsia and eclampsia [X[2]= 5.7, p = < 0.005]. The same finding was evident in relation to fetal outcome. The majority of infant of two care given groups had high Apgar score, had appropriate weight for gestational age and less death rate of babies than control group. The study implicated the importance of client participation in management of gestational diabetes and planned health education for developing self care abilities for pregnant diabetic women

Effect of deep breathing exercises on post operative respiratory efficiency among children with open heart surgery

This study was conducted to identify the effect of deep breathing exercises on postoperative respiratory efficiency among children with open-heart surgery. It was carried out at the cardiology unit and open heart intensive care unit [ICU] in Cairo University Paediatric Hospital [CUPH]. A quazi - experimental design was utilized for it. A purposeful sample of 60 children with congenital heart disease and undergoing an open-heart surgery were recruited for the study. Data required for study were collected through the use of a questionnaire sheet and a respiratory assessment sheet, which were designed by the researcher based on reviewing the necessary literature. The first tool was a questionnaire sheet which consisted of three parts: related to the child and his/her parents and family; the child's disease and preparation for surgery; and finally childrenis view about the deep breathing exercises. The second tool was a respiratory assessment sheet. Data were collected through interviewing the mothers and children. No psychological preparation was available for both the study and control groups. Most of children in the study and control groups [86.7%] hadn't knowledge about deep breathing exercises. There was a statistically significant difference between the children in the study group and the control group in respiratory efficiency in relation to rate, depth, cough, O2 saturation, PaO2 and PaCO2.The study concluded that the majority of children were lacking knowledge about deep breathing exercises in relation to its technique, time and frequency of application, importance and effects. It was also concluded that the children in the study group had more efficient respiratory pattern postoperatively than the control group. It was recommended that deep breathing exercises must be given a high priority in the nursing care plan especially preoperatively for heart surgery, and Hospital physiotherapist, medical, and nursing students must have an active role in pre and post surgical preparations

Effect of caffeine consumption on nutritional characters and premenstrual syndrome symptoms during phases of menstrual cycle in girls

Because of contradictory reports of caffeine consumption, and premenstrual syndrome [PMS] as well as nutritional character as a function in follicular, luteal and menstrual phases in Egyptian girls. A total of 75 under graduated girls [19 - 21 year] were recruited from Specific Education Faculty of Mansoura University. They classified into low [< 200 mg/ day], moderate [200-300 mg/day] and high [> 300 mg/ day] caffeine consumption groups. PMS symptoms were determined by questionnaire daily intake of energy producing nutrients and some minerals were evaluated by 24 hour recall method the caffeine consumption was also estimated. Blood samples were taken at different phase of menstrual cycle for determination of hemoglobin and packed cell volume. Serum oestrogen, progesterone, cholesterol and total protein were estimated as well as some serum minerals [Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, Na]. The obtained data were evaluated for three menstrual cycles. Headache and tendency to sleep were decreased in high caffeine consumption group but blood pressure was increased. Energy producing nutrients were significantly decreased in high and moderate caffeine consumption groups at follicular and menstrual phase is compared with low caffeine consumption group. Although the intake of minerals were increased in most phases of moderate and high caffeine consumption groups, serum minerals values except sodium were decreased than mean normal values. Heamoglobin and PCV were decreased than mean normal values at all phases, and that appeared obviously significant at menstrual phase. Progestrone, oestrogen, and cholesterol were significantly increased in high caffeine consumption groups and non significant increase in moderate caffeine consumption group. It is recommended that healthy diet, and caffeine restriction may be helpful in lowering PMS symptomes and maintance the healthy status during menstrual cycle in girls

Hypoglycemic effect of fenugreek seeds in type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical study

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fenugreek seed diet supplementation on blood glucose and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. These effects were attributed to active biological substances in the seeds that include saponins, alkaloids, amino acids, galactomannan, nicotinic acid, vitamins and minerals. Diabetic subjects were divided into 5 groups, 20 patients each. The control group received only a regular diabetic diet and the other groups followed the same diet in addition to fenugreek supplement that varied according to the group. Four processed types of seeds were implemented in the study involving the oral intake of boiled fenugreek [BF], fenugreek seed powder [PF], germinated fenugreek [GF] and defatted fenugreek [DF]. The results demonstrated the usefulness of fenugreek seeds as a dietary supplement of therapeutic and nutritive value in the management of type 2 diabetes

Preparation of mothers of children with blood diseases for the prevention of viral hepatitis infection

Childhood blood disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases with wide ranges of etiology, severity, treatment, and prognosis. This is due in great part to the complex structure and function of blood. Child with blood disorders is a regular visitor to medical clinics and hospitals, lives with continuous need to be injected with life, blood from healthy people. Parents need to be taught basic hand-washing technique and methods of avoiding infection as well as identifying its presence. For that reason a group of [30] mothers of children with blood diseases were selected and included in the study for preparing them about the disease, care provided, and prevention of viral hepatitis infection. A preparation program was designed, implemented, and evaluated [a pre/post test]. The result of the study indicated that mothers total score of knowledge was improved significantly after the program [t= 19.64, p.<.0.001]. The study emphasizes the role of the pediatric nurse in dealing not only with children but also with their mothers for better prevention of viral hepatitis infection