ABSTRACT
This study investigated the number of Streptococcus mutans CFU (colony forming units) in the saliva and plaque adjacent to orthodontic brackets bonded with a glass ionomer cement - GIC (Fuji Ortho) or a resin-based composite - RC (Concise). Twenty male and female patients, aged 12 to 20 years, participated in the study. Saliva was collected before and after placement of appliances. Plaque was collected from areas adjacent to brackets and saliva was again collected on the 15th, 30th, and 45th day after placement. On the 30th day, 0.4 percent stannous fluoride gel was applied for 4 minutes. No significant modification in the number of Streptococcus mutans CFU in saliva was observed after placement of the fixed orthodontic appliances. On the 15th day, the percentage of Streptococcus mutans CFU in plaque was statistically lower in sites adjacent to GIC-bonded brackets (mean = 0.365) than in those adjacent to RC-bonded brackets (mean = 0.935). No evidence was found of a contribution of GIC to the reduction of CFU in plaque after the 15th day. Topical application of stannous fluoride gel on the 30th day reduced the number of CFU in saliva, but not in plaque. This study suggests that the antimicrobial activity of GIC occurs only in the initial phase and is not responsible for a long-term anticariogenic property.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Fluorides/pharmacology , Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry , Orthodontic Brackets/microbiology , Streptococcus mutans/drug effects , Colony Count, Microbial , Dental Bonding , Dental Caries Activity Tests , Dental Caries/microbiology , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Materials Testing , Multivariate Analysis , Saliva/microbiology , Streptococcus mutans/isolation & purification , Young AdultABSTRACT
This in vivo experimental study evaluated the efficacy of fluoride-releasing elastomers in the control of Streptococcus mutans levels in the oral cavity. Forty orthodontic patients were recruited and divided into two groups of 20. Fluoride-releasing elastomeric ligature ties (Fluor-I-Ties, Ortho Arch Co. Inc., USA) were used in the experimental group, and conventional elastomeric ligature ties (D. Morelli, Brazil), in the control group. Two initial samples of saliva were collected at a 14-day interval to determine the number of colony forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans. Immediately after collecting the second sample, fluoride-releasing elastomeric ligature ties were placed in the patients of the experimental group, and conventional ligature ties, in the patients of the control group. Seven, 14 and 28 days after placement of the elastomeric ligature ties, saliva and plaque surrounding the orthodontic appliance were collected for microbiologic analysis. There were no significant differences in the number of Streptococcus mutans CFUs in saliva or plaque in the area surrounding the fluoride-releasing or conventional elastomeric ligature ties. Thus, fluoride-releasing elastomeric ligature ties should not be indicated to reduce the incidence of enamel decalcification in orthodontic patients. Since there was no significant reduction in S. mutans in saliva or plaque, other means of prevention against enamel decalcification should be indicated for these patients.
Esta pesquisa in vivo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia dos elastômeros liberadores de fluoreto estanoso no controle dos níveis de Streptococcus do grupo mutans na cavidade oral. Utilizou-se uma amostra de 40 pacientes ortodônticos, dividida em dois grupos de vinte indivíduos cada. No grupo experimental, foi utilizada ligadura elástica com liberação de fluoretos (Fluor-I-Ties, Ortho Arch Co. Inc., EUA) e, no grupo controle, foi utilizada ligadura elástica convencional (D. Morelli, Brasil). Para determinação do número de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC) de Streptococcus do grupo mutans, foram realizadas duas coletas iniciais de saliva com intervalo de catorze dias. Logo após a segunda coleta de saliva, foram colocados os elastômeros liberadores de fluoretos nos pacientes do grupo experimental e, nos pacientes do grupo controle, foram inseridos os elastômeros convencionais. Nos 7°, 14° e 28° dias, saliva e biofilme ao redor do acessório ortodôntico foram coletados para análise microbiológica. Constatou-se que não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes no número de UFC de Streptococcus do grupo mutans encontradas na saliva e no biofilme ao redor dos elastômeros com ou sem fluoretos. Dessa forma, os elastômeros liberadores de fluoreto não podem ser utilizados para reduzir a incidência de descalcificação do esmalte em pacientes ortodônticos. Como não houve redução significativa na quantidade de S. mutans na saliva e no biofilme, torna-se necessário indicar outros meios de prevenção da descalcificação do esmalte para esses pacientes.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Cariostatic Agents/pharmacology , Elastomers/chemistry , Fluorides, Topical/pharmacology , Orthodontic Appliances/microbiology , Streptococcus mutans/drug effects , Tooth Demineralization/prevention & control , Colony Count, Microbial , Dental Caries Susceptibility , Dental Caries/etiology , Dental Caries/microbiology , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Orthodontic Appliances/adverse effects , Saliva/microbiology , Streptococcus mutans/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência das mal-oclusões e variáveis a elas associadas, como hábitos deletérios (HD) e as alterações oronasofaringianas (AO), respiração bucal, deglutição atípica e fonação atípica, em crianças com idade de três anos, no Município de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil. A amostra constituiu-se de 291 crianças de ambos os sexos, matriculadas nos Centros de Educação Infantil, selecionadas por meio de amostragem probabilística por conglomerados. A análise de regressão logística indicou maior risco relativo (RR) de crianças com sobressaliência alterada, mordida aberta e mordida cruzada, em apresentar: respiração bucal (RR = 1,89; IC: 1,56-2,03), (RR = 2,46; IC: 2,00-3,02), (RR = 1,45; IC: 1,23-1,72); deglutição atípica (RR = 2,57; IC: 1,87-3,52), (RR = 3,49; IC: 2,53-4,81), (RR = 1,86; IC: 1,46-2,39) e fonação atípica (RR = 2,25; IC: 1,66-3,05), (RR = 3,18; IC: 2,38-4,25), (RR = 1,71; IC: 1,32-2,22), respectivamente. Foi mostrado haver associação entre sucção de dedo e de chupeta com sobressaliência alterada (p < 0,001) e sucção de chupeta e mordida aberta (p < 0,001). Esses resultados indicam que a prevalência das mal-oclusões está associada aos HD e às AO.