[Causes of mortality in patients referred to emergency unit of Tabriz Imam Reza hospital, in 2014-2015]

Background: Being the first-line treatment of patients, emergency units have an especial importance. The mortality of patients in the emergency department is a problem that has been exacerbated in recent years. Further studies on the causes of death are required in the emergency for correct judgment. This study is conducted in order to better understand the causes of death, in patients referred to emergency unit of Tabriz Imam Reza hospital in 2014 - 2015

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on the profiles of all patients admitted to the emergency department of Tabriz Imam Reza hospital. Demographic data and causes of death were extracted

Results: Of the 604 patients who died in the emergency department, 60.6% were men, 54.6% derrram and 31.5% had over 75 years. The most common causes of death were internal illnesses [22.2%] and trauma [19%]. In total, 39.1% patients were died before in the emergency department and 32.1% of patients were referred from anther hospitals

Conclusion: It seems that internal illnesses and trauma are the most common causes of death in the emergency department. The high rate of mortality shows the importance of early aids and proper referral system

Other Side of Breast Cancer: Factors Associated with Caregiver Burden

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine factors associated with caregiver burden among primary caregivers of women with breast cancer in Iran. METHODS: This was a descriptive correlation study conducted in 2012 on 150 main caregivers of patients with breast cancer who came to the oncology clinic of Shahid Ghazi hospital in Tabriz, Iran. A questionnaire which included caregiving-related factors and the Zarit Burden Interview was used for data collection after its validity and reliability were determined. Data was analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software with descriptive and analytic statistics. The association between significant variables and the dependent variable with an observation of the effects of other variables was assessed using the multiple linear regression model. RESULTS: The mean age of caregivers was 39.60 ± 13.80 years old, and 77 (51.3%) of them were men. The mean score of the Zarit Burden Interview was 30.55 ± 19.18. In the regression model, the mean score of activities of daily living, level of education, gender, and financial status were identified as the determining factors of the burden of caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: Primary caregivers need to be financially supported by the relevant organizations. Care skills training and providing palliative care seem helpful in reducing the pain and the burden of family caregivers for patients with breast cancer.

Management of acute myocardial infarction and its effect on women's health [female versus male]

Acute Myocardial Infarction [AMI] has traditionally been considered a disease affecting mostly men, yet women are increasingly at risk due to the obesity and diabetes. This study used archival data on hospital discharges from the cardiac care unit [CCU] to examine the AMI risk factors and its management among female patients' presentations at emergency rooms [ER] ended at CCU with a concurrent diagnosis of AMI and to compare the results with men of the same diagnosis. The study was conducted as a prospective cohort survey among patients admitted to CCU. All patients in that ward admitted with documented diagnosis of AMI and positive troponin results were obtained from the study. Some characteristics of the patients such as age, gender, education, risk factors, outcome, cardiac enzymes recorded by one of the researchers at the first day of the admission. Then those patients were followed up until discharge, either referring to another facility or death. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS for Windows version 13.0. The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 182 patients 140 men [68.6%] and 42 women [20.6%] admitted with AMI were enrolled in the study. Women on average had 2 years age difference and had a greater prevalence of hypertension. Men had more previous myocardial revascularization procedures and more often were smokers. There were no difference in previous admission, death, or need for CAG [Coronary ansiography]. The awareness needs to be directed towards eliminating the disparities within the female population and heart disease. In this study any important and significant differences were not shown between male and female AMI management

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Iranian Women: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Tabriz, Iran / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death among women. In Asian countries such as Iran, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing. The present study aimed to assess the risk factors for breast cancer of women in Tabriz, Iran. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was undertaken to identify breast cancer risk factors. The study consisted of 140 cases confirmed via histopathological analysis and 280 group-matched controls without any malignancy. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods via the SPSS software version 18. RESULTS: In a multivariate analysis, educational level (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11-10.83), menopausal status (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.41-4.59), a high-fat diet (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.51-5.04), abortion (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.20-3.79), passive smoking (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.51-5.04), oral contraceptive use (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.80-5.59), stress (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.74-5.36), and migration (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.39-6.90) were factors associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer. Breastfeeding (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16-0.97) and a diet containing sufficient fruit and vegetables (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12-0.39) had protective roles against breast cancer. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the risk factors for breast cancer among women in the Tabriz area of Iran are related to the lifestyle. Therefore, the provision of education to change unhealthy lifestyle choices and periodic check-ups for early breast cancer detection are recommended.

[Relationship between nurses attitudes toward learning organizations with organizational commitment]

Recognizing and modifying organizational commitment and its related factors is important. It seems that nurses' attitudes towards learning organizations influence their organizational commitment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nurses' attitudes towards learning organizations and organizational commitment. In this descriptive-correlative study, 719 nurses working in Rasht educational hospitals were recruited to the study. We gathered data using the Porter organizational commitment questionnaire and the Jeong learning organization questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Spearman and t-tests in the SPSS-18. Most of the nurses were female [94.7%] and registered [35.3%]. The mean [SD] age of the nurses was 32.13 [6.98]. The mean [SD] of the organizational commitment was 27.10 [42.50]. The mean [SD] of the learning organization was 92.72 [10.04]. The relationship between the organizational commitment and nurses' attitudes towards learning organizations was statistically significant [r=0.482; P<0.0001]. It seems improving nurses' attitudes towards learning organizations may result in better organizational commitments