ABSTRACT
Research on specific language impairment [SLI] in Arabic-speaking children is currently nonexistent. Distinct linguistic characteristics of Arabic make it valuable as a means of studying manifestations of SLI and providing insights into the nature of SLI. The study aimed to provide a linguistic profile of Arabic speaking children with SLI to help meticulous diagnosis and choice of proper lines of intervention strategies. This study included 135 children of both sexes with age range [4-9] years. They were diagnosed as SLI by using the Arabic language test. Descriptive statistics done for all study group then subjects were classified: 1- According to the age into 5 subgroups to detect and analyze the age-related effects on their linguistic performance. II - According to the clinical and linguistic profiles into mixed receptive-expressive type [R-E], expressive type [EX] and phonological type [Ph]. It was found that 33.3% SLI children were mixed receptive-expressive [GI] subtype, 17.8% were expressive [G2] subtype and 48.9% ere phonological [G3] subtype. The most affected language parameters were the phonology, Syntax both receptive and expressive with a more affection of the expressive part, then the pragmatic. Semantics was the least affected. Prosody was normal. The most frequent syntactic errors were verb tense, preposition, negation, superlatives, pronouns, adverbs and plurals. As regard phonology substitution errors were the most frequent type to occur with the phonemes /g/,/d/,/r/,z/,/d/ and /s/ to be the most frequent. The devoicing, gliding are the commonest substitution errors and the final position of the words are the commonest to be affected
ABSTRACT
There are limited data about the role of sleep endoscopy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome [OSAS]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level, degree and shape of obstruction of the upper airway in patients with OSAS by sleep endoscopy and their relation to OSAS severity. Fifty consecutive patients with OSAS were prospectively enrolled in this cross sectional analytic study. All patients underwent history, a full night-attended polysomnogra-phy and sleep endoscopy. The degree of pharyngeal narrowing [grades I-IV] was evaluated at ret-ropalatal, retroglossal and hypopharyngeal levels. Shape of pharyngeal collapse was classified into circular, lateral or antero-posterior at retropalatal and retroglossal levels. Shape of the epiglottis was also observed. All patients showed multisegmental levels of obstruction. Moderate OSAS had a higher percentage of grade II obstruction but a lower percentage of grade I at hypopharyngeal level compared to mild OSAS [P < 0.05]. Also, in moderate OSAS, tongue base obstruction was 47.4% which was significantly higher comparing to mild OSAS [16.7%] [P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference between different grades of obstruction at all anatomical levels in polysomnograph-ic parameters. Omega shaped epiglottis was associated with the highest apnea hypopnea index, desaturation index, lowest average and minimum O[2] level. Sleep endoscopy is a useful tool for the assessment of level, degree and shape of the upper airway obstruction during sleep in OSAS and this could be helpful in preoperative evaluation. Presence of obstruction at hypopharyngeal level or tongue base obstruction is an indicator of OSAS severity
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Endoscopy/methods , Airway Obstruction , PolysomnographyABSTRACT
To retrospectively review anesthesia and intensive care management of 145 consented volunteers subjected to right lobe or left hepatectomy between 2003 and 2011. After local ethics committee approval, anesthetic and intensive care charts, blood transfusion requirements, laboratory data, complications and outcome of donors were analyzed. One hundred and forty-three volunteers successfully tolerated the surgery with no blood transfusion requirements, but with a morbidity rate of [50.1%]. The most frequent complication was infection [21.1%] [intraabdominal collections], followed by biliary leak [18.2%]. Two donors had major complications: one had portal vein thrombosis [PVT] treated with vascular stent. This patient recovered fully. The other donor had serious intraoperative bleeding and developed postoperative PVT and liver and renal failure. He died after 12 days despite intensive treatment. He was later reported among a series of fatalities from other centers worldwide. Epidural analgesia was delivered safely [n=90] with no epidural hematoma despite significantly elevated prothrombin time [PT] and international normalization ratio [INR] postoperatively, reaching the maximum on Day 1 [16.9 +/- 2.5 s and 1.4 +/- 0.2, P < 0.05 when compared with baseline]. Hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia were frequently encountered. Total Mg and phosphorus blood levels declined significantly to 1.05 +/- 0.18 mg/dL on Day 1 and 2.3 +/- 0.83 mg/dL on Day 3 postoperatively. Coagulation and electrolytes need to be monitored perioperatively and replaced adequately. PT and INR monitoring postoperatively is still necessary for best timing of epidural catheter removal. Live donor hepatectomy could be performed without blood transfusion. Bile leak and associated infection of abdominal collections requires further effort to better identify biliary leaks and modify the surgical closure of the bile ducts. Donor hepatectomy is definitely not a complication-free procedure; reported complication risks should be available to the volunteers during consenting
ABSTRACT
Background: High concentration of airborne viable particles [bacteria and fungi] are being aerosolized in industrial environments. Inhalation of cotton dust, flax or hemp dust, by textile workers has been known to cause acute reversible bronchoconstriction, which on repeated exposure leads to chronic pulmonary disease called byssinosis. The present study was done in order to determine the concentration of bacteria and fungi in cotton dust and to assess their effect on the severity of pulmonary symptoms and functions
Methods: The present study was carried out on 208 workers. All participants were subjected to full history taking and clinical examination. Pulmonary function tests and sputum culture were done for symptomatic cases. Measurements of concentration of bacteria and fungi were carried out in the main working areas
Results: Mean concentration of total collected fungi was 1215 cfu/m[3] while Gram -negative bacteria was found in low concentration [17.5 cfu/m[3]]. Increased incidence of chest tightness, dyspnea and significant decline in FEV1 % and PEF % were found among exposed workers
Conclusion: Increased incidence of chronic respiratory illness and significant impairment of lung functions were observed among highly exposed workers and smoking appears to be another risk factor
ABSTRACT
Background: Visual impairment is a common problem among school children. The prevalence of visual acuity defect is high specially in developing countries. The aims of the study were to study the magnitude of the visual acuity problem among school children and to investigate some of its risk factors
Methods: a cross-sectional study in which a stratified random sample of 1085 school students aged 6-18 years was selected from 6 schools which represented different areas in El-Minia city. Data related to risk factors of visual impairment were collected by questionnaire. Students were examined for visual acuity using Snellen's charts
Results: the prevalence of visual acuity defects among school children was 51%. Students having severe visual acuity defects accounted for 11.8% while those with moderate visual acuity defects accounted for 23.6% and those with minor defects accounted for 15.6%. Severe visual acuity defect represented higher proportion in the older age than in younger age groups. Severe visual acuity defect was higher among females than males. Moderate and severe visual acuity defects were more common among urban students than rural students. Students used bad illumination had moderate or severe visual acuity defect more than those used good illumination. Moreover, there were increase in the proportion of students, who watch television or use computer or videogames daily for more than 3 hours, with increase of the degree of visual acuity defect
Conclusion: visual acuity defect is a common problem among school age in El-Minia city specially older students and it is related to bad illumination, watching television and use computer or videogames daily for long time
Recommendations: Visual screening should be mandatory and repeated every year for all school children for detection and proper management of any visual defects
ABSTRACT
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that has a worldwide distribution, and it remains as a major source of disease for both humans and domestics animals particularly in the Mediterranean region
Study hypothesis: one of the main characteristics of brucellosis is its marked tendency to relapse in spite of proper management. Since almost 90% of the relapses occur during the first 6 months following conclusion of treatment, strict follow up is necessary during this period in order to detect any relapses as soon as possible and to provide adequate therapy
Aim of the study: evaluation of the impact of continued occupational exposure of the already diagnosed Brucella cases
Subject and method: in our study we followed up 66 Brucella sero-positive workers from El-Minia slaughterhouses during their first 12 months post treatment. The study showed a high suspicion of relapse or re-infection in nearly one third of cases [20 cases]. Further work up was done for those cases to document the exact active brucellosis in general clinical practice
Result: our finding confirmed that programs for post treatment follow up of patients with brucellosis should include the appropriate clinical examination together with blood culture and serological tests. The high index of suspicion for relapse based on clinical examination was further confirmed to be positive on serological testing and by PCR assays, which indicated positive active brucellosis in 8 cases out of these suspicious twenty cases. However, blood cultures failed to prove brucellosis in three cases out of these cases diagnosed by PCR
Recommendation: we recommend that proper treatment of brucellosis must be followed by post treatment continuous follow up for at least one year as a preventive measure for relapses
ABSTRACT
Medialization thyroplasty has rapidly gained popularity as the treatment of choice for unilateral vocal fold immobility over other methods applied for treatment of glottic insufficiency. The reasons for this are the physiologic aspect of medialization thyroplasty and ability of monitoring during surgery. In this study medialization thyroplasty type I was performed according to Isshiki Technique using Medpor as an implant material in 12 patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis under bilateral superficial cervical plexus blocks with minimal sedation. Pre-and post-operative phoniatric assessment included auditory perceptual assessment, acoustic analysis of voice and videolaryngostroboscopy. All the patients showed improvement in the assessment parameters with no detected complications
Subject(s)
Humans , Cervical Plexus , Nerve Block , Auditory Perceptual DisordersABSTRACT
In this study the superiorly based lined pharyngeal flap with lateral ports was used to correct modaerate to severe velopharyngeal incompetence [VPI] due to sevseral causes after failure of speech therapy in 20 patients. All the patients were diagnosed and documented preoperatively using the assessment protocol for VPI cases in the Phoniatric Unit. They were referred again one month after surgery in the ENT department for postoperative documentation and speech therapy. All the patients showed marked subjective and objective improvement of the degree of hypernasality and complete closure of the velopharyngeal gap endoscopically. The overall speech intelligibility showed continuous improvement with postoperative speech therapy. Although all the patients snored postoperatively, none of them suffered from obstructive sleep apnea