ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the experiences and operative procedure choice for surgical management of chronic tuberculous empyema.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 461 patients of chronic tuberculous empyema were treated surgically in Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital between January 2006 and December 2011. There were 317 male and 144 female patients, aging from 6 to 79 years with a mean age of 32 years. Preoperative duration lasted from 3 months to 50 years, including 347 cases within 1 year, 61 cases 1 to 2 years, and 53 cases above 2 years. Chest tube drainage or pleuracentesis was performed in 395 patients, decortication in 287 patients, thoracoplasty in 13 patients, pleuropneumonectomy and resection of remaining lung in 11 patients, complex operation in 150 patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no death perioperatively. Four hundred and forty-five patients were cured at once, 6 patients were cured by stages. One patient with empyema and bronchial fistula relapsed bronchial fistula after pulmonary lobectomy and pleural decortication, whom was cured by the combination operation which including fistula repair, muscle flap tamponing and local thoracoplasty according to the closed drainage of thoracic cavity after 6 months. Three cases were suffered incision delayed healing and were cured by dressing change. Five cases were suffered abscess of chest wall within 3 months and were cured by local thoracoplasty. One patient died due to respiratory failure in one year which resulted in tuberculosis spreading because of bronchial fistula after pleuropneumonectomy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Surgical management of chronic tuberculous empyema still have irreplaceable roles. Selecting appropriate operations according to different cases will achieve good results.</p>