ABSTRACT
Postural tachycardia syndrome [POTS] is a chronic condition with frequent symptoms of orthostatic intolerance or with sympathetic activation and excessive tachycardia while standing, without significant hypotension. The aim of this review was to discuss the pathogenesis and to outline the diagnosis and treatment guidelines. We conducted a literature review of articles published up to 2017, in following databases; PubMed, and Embase investigating postural tachycardia syndrome in children. We restricted our search to only English published articles with human subjects concerning children under 16 years. POTS is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system that could create considerable disability amongst previously healthy people. Patients with POTS show a HR rise of 30 bpm within 10 min of standing [or greater in kids], are typically hyperadrenergic, and tend to have a reduced blood volume. The pathophysiology of POTS is complex and the result of a variety of separate systems producing a common pattern of signs. The specific pathogenesis of POTS has yet not been completely clear. A variety of uncommon factors might be involved in the pathogenesis. Selecting the correct therapy according to the detailed pathogenesis could absolutely enhance the efficiency of medicine. Treatments targeting the hypovolemia and the excess sympathetic nervous system activation may assist eliminate symptoms
ABSTRACT
Background: Imaging plays a crucial function in the management of patients with brain tumors. The technical improvement of computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] with the advancement of, brand-new imaging techniques highly enhanced the detection and characterization of brain tumors. This comprehensive review of literature is aimed to discuss the roles of MRI and CT in the diagnosis and evaluation of primary brain tumors, we attempted to discuss the advantage and disadvantage of each modality and which is more effective in this matter
Objective: to find a relevant article to our study, this is discussing the roles of MRI and CT in evaluation of Primary brain tumors. Several terms were used in the search through the databases; [MRI, CT, and Imaging], combined with [Brain cancer, primary brain tumors, glioblastomas]
Method: We performed a comprehensive search of literatures among main medical databases; PubMed [MIDLINE], Embase, and science direct, up to November 2017, We limited our search to English language studies, and only to Human trails
Results: Computed tomography [CT] might be the very first modality employed in a patient presenting with a brain tumor but for one of the most part MRI is the primary imaging modality in brain tumor patients. The function of CT is mostly relegated to emerging imaging in the detection of hemorrhage, herniation, and hydrocephalus but mass effect from brain tumors and calcification within brain tumors such as oligodendrogliomas or meningiomas can potentially be discovered
Conclusion: The main use of MRI-based medical image analysis for brain tumor studies remains in medical diagnosis, patient tracking and treatment preparation, however it could also be useful in clinical trials