ABSTRACT
Decoction is a classical dosage form of traditional Chinese medicines. In the process of decocting, various complex components produce physical interactions and chemical reactions, among which physical interactions include van der Waals force, hydrogen bond, electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking, etc., and chemical reactions include Maillard reaction, oxidation reaction, hydrolysis reaction, degradation reaction, polymerization reaction, etc. New substances and original ingredients from chemical reactions can be further activated. These effects form the basis of particle formation in the broth. The sizes of the particles in decoctions range from nanoscale to micron scale, mostly composed of polysaccharide, protein matrix, wrapped in water insoluble molecules, can increase the dispersion of insoluble components and the stability of unstable components, as well as reduce the volatile components and toxic components of volatile components, and ultimately achieve the purpose of efficient absorption and toxicity reduction. From the angle of physical change and chemical reaction in the process of decoction, this paper expounds the formation mechanism of particles in decoction, expounds the research method of particles, analyzes the components in particles and the interaction between components, and then explains the pharmacodynamic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine decoction, which provides the foundation for the modernization of Chinese decoction.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the association between Essen stroke risk score (ESRS) and coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods One hundred and forty-six patients who underwent coronary angiography in our hospital from July 1,2015 to December 31,2016 were divided into CHD group (n=105) with their stenosis ≥50％ and non-CHD group (n=41) with their stenosis ＜50％.Their clinical,laboratory and coronary angiography data were recorded and analyzed by univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis respectively.ROC curve of ESRS was plotted for diagnosing CHD.Results The age was significantly older,the incidence of hypertension,diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction,the ESRS and fasting blood glucose level were significantly higher in CHD group than in non-CHD group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The age,history of smoking and alcohol drinking,and the incidence of abnormal blood lipid,AF,other heart diseases,peripheral artery disease,ischemic stroke or the serum levels of TIA,TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C and uric acid were significantly different between CHD group and non-CHD group (P＞0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ESRS was an independent risk factor for CHD (OR=2.070,95％CI:1.473-2.908,P＜0.01).The area under the ROC curve of ESRS for diagnosing CHD was 0.743 (95％CI:0.651-0.834,P＜0.01).The Youden's index was the highest when the ESRS was 2 with a sensitivity of 80.95％ and a specificity of 58.54％.Conclusion ESRS is related with CHD and can thus predict the occurrence of CHD.It is necessary to make an overall assessment of CHD when the ESRS is ≥2.
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Objective To observe the effect of FOCUS-PDCA on the unplanned extubation (UEX) in ICU patients. Methods About 237 ICU patients during Jan. to Dec. 2014 were assigned as the control group, where the FOCUS-PDCA program was not used. Another 235 patients during Jan. to Dec. 2015 were assigned as the study group, where the the FOCUS-PDCA program was used. The two groups were compared in view of unplanned extubation rate and nurse's comprehensive ability. Result Compared with the control group, hospitalization time was comprehensively shortened in the observation group and the nurses comprehensive abibity increased (all P<0.05). Conclusion The FOCUS-PDCA program can prevent UEX in ICU patients, reduce the rate of UEX, improve the comprehensive ability of nurses and the quality of nursing.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of different grades of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)and of salpingectomy on outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods Two hundred and twenty three cycles of IVF-ET were divided into three groups,including mild group,moderate group and severe group,according to different grades of sequelae of PID finding in exploratory operations before IVF.Patients in each group were divided into two subgroups according to receiving salpingectomy or not.The data of total dose of gonadotrophin(Gn),oocyte number,low response rate,fertilization rate,good embryo number and pregnancy rate were analysed between three groups and the two subgroups of each group, respectively.Results All parameters were related to PID grades except fertilization rate.The total dose of Gn,oocyte number,good embryo number,low response rate and pregnancy rate were(2057?503)IU/L, (16?6),(6.0?4.3),4.2%,63.9% in mild group;(2204?603)IU/L,(12?6),(4.5?3.5), 13.9%,46.8% in moderate group;and(2372?1018)IU/L,(9?6),(3.1?2.9),33.8%,41.2% in severe group.The total dose of Gn and low response rate increased with the aggravation of the grades of PID (P