ABSTRACT
Doenças periodontais e síndrome metabólica estão relacionadas a condições multifatoriais complicadas. No entanto, a relação ainda não é evidente. A insuficiência de estrogênio pode estar correlacionada a essa condição, possivelmente causada pela remoção dos ovários e infecção por Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da disfunção ovariana causada pela ovariectomia e infecção por P. gingivalis no desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica. Este foi um estudo experimental de laboratório utilizando ratos fêmeas da linhagem Sprague Dawley. Os modelos animais foram divididos em quatro grupos: controle, ovariectomia (OVX), ovariectomia-periodontite (OPG) e periodontite (PG). O objetivo de cada tratamento em cada grupo foi obter disfunção ovariana. O grupo OVX foi submetido à cirurgia de remoção dos ovários; no grupo PG foi realizada a indução de P. gingivalis; e no grupo OPG foi feita uma combinação de ovariectomia e indução de P. gingivalis. O sangue foi coletado e observado nos dias 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28. A amostra de sangue foi examinada para ácido úrico, colesterol, glicose e estrogênio. Os dados coletados foram todos examinados estatisticamente. Todos os grupos de tratamento apresentaram peso corporal e observações bioquímicas sanguíneas significativamente maiores do que o grupo controle, exceto o colesterol total (p<0,05). Além disso, a maioria das variáveis apresentou uma correlação entre os grupos com o peso corporal e indicadores bioquímicos sanguíneos, exceto o nível de ácido úrico no sangue (R>0,5). A síndrome metabólica foi desencadeada pela disfunção ovariana causada pela infecção por P. gingivalis após a ovariectomia. Ambos apresentaram o mesmo risco. Mesmo a indução por P. gingivalis piorou a síndrome metabólica no grupo de modelos animais que foram submetidos à ovariectomia.(AU)
Periodontal diseases and metabolic syndrome are related to complicated multifactorial conditions. However, the relationship is not yet evident. Estrogen insufficiency might correlate to this condition, possibly caused by ovarian removal and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ovarian dysfunction caused by ovariectomy and P. gingivalis infection to metabolic syndrome development. This study was an experimental laboratory study using female rats Sprague Dawley Strain. Animal models were divided into four groups: control, ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomy-periodontitis (OPG), and periodontitis (PG). The purpose of every treatment in each group was to induce ovarian dysfunction. The OVX group was undertaken ovaries removal surgery. PG was performed P. gingivalis induction. Therefore OPG was a combination of ovariectomy and P. gingivalis induction. Blood was drawn and observed on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The blood sample was examined for uric acid, cholesterol, glucose and estrogen. The collected data were all statistically examined. All treatment groups presented body weight and blood biochemical observation significantly higher than the control group, except total cholesterol (p<0.05). Moreover, most variables presented a correlation between groups to body weight and biochemical blood indicators, except blood uric acid level (R>0.5). The metabolic syndrome was triggered by ovarian dysfunction brought on by P. gingivalis infection after ovariectomy. They both took the same risk. Even P. gingivalis induction made metabolic syndrome in the group of animal models which underwent ovariectomy worse (AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Ovariectomy , Metabolic Syndrome , EstrogensABSTRACT
Cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV) is one of the problems that can decrease soybean production. The research was conducted on the combined effects of corn in the barrier crop with plant extracts against CpMMV infecting soybean in the field. The field data was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design. The mean of disease incidence and disease severity is measured from total plants in each replicate plot on each treatment. Planting one or two of corn lines were grown at the edge four weeks before planting soybeans. Cashew nut shell (CNS), pagoda leaf, and rhizome of ginger extracts were applied using the sprayer and applied at 24 h before virus acquisition and transmission by whiteflies. The result showed that the virus incubation period ranged from 9−38 days after transmission longer than the untreated control. Planting two corn lines at the edge with CNS extract as bioactivator on soybean was the most extended incubation period of the virus and the lowest absorbance value DAS-ELISA of 0.20. There was a 73.11 % increase in the relative inhibition level of the virus. Planting corn at the edge with CNS extract proved to be more effective than soybean monoculture with CNS extract. However, soybean monoculture with CNS extract provides a better relative inhibition level of the virus (64.32 %) than planting two rows of corn on the edge combined with ginger of rhizome extract and planting two rows of corn on the edge with pagoda leaf extract as bioactivator on a soybean plant.
Subject(s)
Glycine max , Flexiviridae/pathogenicity , Phytochemicals , Hemiptera/pathogenicityABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by fibroblast activation, myofibroblast formation, and up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) that may activate Snail in fibroblast to myofibroblast transition. Ethanol extract of Yacon leaves is known to have a renoprotective effect on diabetic nephropathy but its effect in the CKD model is unknown. This experimental study aimed to elucidate the effect of ethanol extract from Yacon leaves in attenuating renal failure in a CKD mice model. Methods: Male Swiss-Webster mice (3 months, 30–40 grams, n=25) underwent 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SN) to induce CKD. The mice were divided into five groups: SN, SN mice with oral treatment of Yacon leaves ethanol extract with doses 0.735 μg/kg (SN+YK1), 1.47 μg/kg (SN+YK2), and 2.94 μg/kg (SN+YK3), and a Sham operation (SO) group with aquadest 0.1% supplementation. Mice were euthanized on day 14 after the operation and kidneys were harvested. Paraffin sections were used for histological analysis. Immunostaining was done for quantifying fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. We performed RT-PCR to measure TGF-β1 and Snail mRNA expressions. Results: The SN group had significantly higher fibroblast number, myofibroblast fraction area, TGF-β1 and Snail mRNA expressions compared to the SO. The fibroblasts number (p<0.001) and myofibroblast fraction areas (p<0.001) were significantly lower in Yacon treated-groups compared to the SN group. RT-PCR analysis showed lower mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 and Snail, but no significant differences were found among the various Yacon treated-groups. Conclusion: Ethanol extracts of Yacon leaves improved kidney damage in male mice with 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy model.