Frequency of Ocular Diseases in Infants at a Tertiary Care Hospital

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of ocular diseases in infants visiting the ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the department of ophthalmology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, from January 2015 to May 2016. The study included 377 infants ranging in age from 1 day to less than 1 year who were, selected by a nonprobability consecutive sampling technique. A detailed history was taken, and a complete ocular examination was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation for age. Frequencies were calculated for ocular diseases along with the percentages. Outcome variables included various congenital and acquired diseases such as conjunctivitis, congenital cataract, glaucoma, nasolacrimal duct blockage, squint, trauma, and fundus abnormalities. RESULTS: The mean age of infants was 5.0 ± 3.7 months. There were 196 (52%) males and 181 (48%) females. The sample included 330 (87.5%) full term infants. Acquired ocular diseases occurred in 230 (61%) infants; and congenital diseases, in 147 (39%). The most common ocular disease was conjunctivitis, which occurred in 173 (46%) infants, followed by congenital blocked nasolacrimal duct, which occurred in 57 (15 %) infants. Conjunctivitis was more common among neonates than infants. CONCLUSIONS: Acquired ocular diseases were more common than congenital ocular diseases. The most common ocular pathology was conjunctivitis, followed by congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, in infants. Conjunctivitis was more common in neonates than infants.

Terrien's marginal degeneration: easily manageable

Terrien's marginal degeneration is a slowly progressive, non-inflammatory condition, usually bilateral, more commonly affecting males. We are reporting a case of bilateral Terrien's marginal degeneration with spontaneous perforation in right eye. He was managed with primary repair of perforation with polyglactin [coated vicryl] 8/0. It was followed by cataract surgery of dense cataract to improve vision. Patient was 6/12 aided postoperatively

Management of a congenital cyst of the orbit in a five year old

We report here the case of a 5 year old female child who presented at Eye department of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital with gradually increasing proptosis of left eye ball since birth. There was no light perception in the eyeball. Examination revealed a cystic swelling in inferolateral part of the orbit causing superomedial displacement of the orbit with restriction of extraocular movements. In addition there was microcornea, miccrophthamos and coloboma of iris extending posteriorly to the optic nerve. Right eye showed microphthalmos, microcornea, nystagmus on attention and a reacting pupil with visual acuity of finger counting at two feet. CT scan showed a large smooth walled hypodense lesion arising from inferolateral aspect of the orbit displacing the eye ball superomedially along with remodeling of adjacent bones.The cyst was successfully removed through subcilliary incision under general anaesthesia. Continuation of the cyst with optic nerve was seen peropeatively. Histopathology revealed a benign cyst with lining of single layer of epithelium and wall composed of aggregates of lymphocytes congested blood vessels and skeletal muscles. Findings were consistent with colobomatous cyst of the orbit

Comparative study of different drugs in treatment of post caesarean section spinal headache using spinal anaesthesia

To compare the effectiveness of Paracetamol+ Orphenadrine, Naproxen Piroxicam, and Paracetamol+ Caffeine in the treatment of post c/s spinal headache occurring in obstetrical patients undergoing lscs after spinal anesthesia. A comparative study. Department of obst. and gynae. Lady Aitcheson Hospital, Lahore from September to December 2005. 693 patients who underwent LSCS [both emergency and elective] in LAH. Lahore from Sep. to Dec. 2005; in spinal anesthesia were studied .Out of these 296 patients C/O spinal headache. Post-op hydration status was noted and rehydration was done with i/v and oral fluids.Pre-op dehydrated patients were excluded from the study. Patients were randomly divided and were given Paracetamol+Orphenadrine, Piroxicam, Naproxin and Paracetamol+Caffine. Effects of these drugs were noted. Out of 693 patients 296 patients had spinal headache.32 patients responded to simple hydration and were excluded from the study