ABSTRACT
In this report, updated guidelines for the evaluation, medical, and surgical management of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder are resented. They are categorized according the stage of the disease using the TNM staging system 7[th] edition. The recommendations are presented with supporting level of evidence
ABSTRACT
In this report, updated guidelines for the evaluation, medical, and surgical management of prostate cancer are presented. They are categorized according the stage of the disease using the tumor node metastasis staging system 7[th] edition. The recommendations are presented with supporting evidence level
ABSTRACT
In this report, updated guidelines for the evaluation, medical and surgical management of renal cell carcinoma are presented. They are categorized according the stage of the disease using the tumor node metastasis staging system 7[th] edition. The recommendations are presented with supporting evidence level
ABSTRACT
In this report, updated guidelines for the evaluation, medical, and surgical management of germ cell tumor of testes are resented. They are categorized according the stage of the disease using the tumor-node-metastasis staging system 7[th] edition. The recommendations are presented with supporting level of evidence
ABSTRACT
Fifty-one evaluable patients who underwent lumpectomy and axillary dissection with postoperative radiotherapy for stage I and II breast cancer with or without adjuvant chemohormonal treatment were included in this study. Forty-seven patients had lumpectomy and axillary sampling or dissection and four patients had lumpectomy without axillary sampling. Total doses radiotherapy to tumor bed equaled 60-66 Gy/30-33 fractions/6-7 weeks. Twenty patients received adjuvant chemohormonal therapy [CHT], 18 received hormonal therapy, 2 patients received chemotherapy and 11 cases had no CHT. The study concluded that in spite of the large number of the patients in this study, large tumor size [more than 3 cm] and extensive intraductal component [EIC] association played an important role in predicting locoregional failure [LRF] following post breast conserving therapy [BCT], which requires adequate margins that in some instances requires mastectomy to preserve a cosmetically accepted breast which might be difficult with large volumes of resected breast tissue