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1.
Neotrop. entomol ; 39(5): 720-724, Sept.-Oct. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-566208

ABSTRACT

In order to visualize the distribution pattern of the neuronal bodies and neurofibrils in the honeybee brain, we adapted a metallic impregnation technique first described for vertebrate nervous system by Ramón y Cajal. The honeybee brain constitution plays a key role in the development of learning and memory capacities. The general characteristics observed in the honeybee brain, stained by metallic impregnation, revealed its anatomical and morphological constitution in agreement with studies of other insect brains using different techniques. Metallic impregnation evidenced the optic lobe neuropils, the ocelli fiber cells, the neuron extensions of the calyces, and the axon bundles that involve the antennal glomeruli, as well as the neuron extensions in the alpha lobe. We also observed that the antennal glomeruli were mainly formed by fibers. The optical lobes were impregnated distinctly in the monopolar neuron bodies and in the fibers. In the mushroom bodies, we observed the lip, collar and calyx basal areas. Based on our results, the metallic impregnation technique is effective to visualize neuronal bodies and neurofibrils; moreover, is simpler and faster than other techniques, offering new insights for the investigation of the invertebrate nervous system.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees/anatomy & histology , Brain/anatomy & histology , Silver Staining
2.
Biol. Res ; 37(3): 385-393, 2004. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-394433

ABSTRACT

Amastigotes of Leishmania major have a great ability to evade destruction in host cells. This study investigated the activation in resident, inflammatory macrophages and J774 cells in vitro treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA), calcium ionophore (CaI) and magnesium (Mg2+) alone or combined. An increase in nitric oxide (NO) production was observed in J774 or inflammatory macrophages treated with LPS alone or in combination with SLA and CaI. The same treatments did not affect the NO release by resident macrophages. There was no interference in uptake of L. major but CaI decreased intracellular proliferation of the parasite. This study demonstrated the importance of CaI in decreasing L. major proliferation inside murine macrophages while Mg2+ seemed to increase parasite proliferation. These finding may help to understand the events involved in host cells' clearance of this pathogen..


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Calcium/pharmacology , Leishmania major/pathogenicity , Macrophage Activation/drug effects , Macrophages/parasitology , Magnesium/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Antigens, Protozoan/pharmacology , Biomarkers , Cell Culture Techniques , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Mice, Inbred BALB C
3.
Rev. bras. alergia imunopatol ; 24(5): 173-182, set.-out. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-402539

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar diferentes vacinas de alérgenos contendo D. pteronyssinus comercialmente disponíveis com a finalidade de caracterizar o perfil imunoquímico das mesmas e levar ao conhecimento dos médicos especialistas que utilizam estas vacinas como estratégia terapêutica em doenças alérgicas. Métodos: Dosagem de proteína e polissacáride, eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (SDSPAGE), quantificação dos alérgenos Der p 1, Der p 2 e Der f 1 por ELISA e imunorreatividade alergênica para detecção de IgE específica por ELISA e Immunoblotting foram realizados. Resultados: Observou-se grande heterogeneidade das vacinas em relação à concentração protéica e perfil eletroforético. As vacinas 2, 3 e 4 apresentaram bandas protéicas em SDSPAGE, em número e intensidade variáveis. Somente na vacina 2 foram detectados valores extremamente altos de Der p 1 (409,9 mg/ml) e Der p 2 (210,7 mg/ml). Imunorreatividade alergênica para IgE foi observada somente em três amostras de vacinas, com níveis de IgE significativos e comparáveis detectados apenas nas vacinas 2 e 3. Por outro lado, immunoblotting IgE demonstrou padrão de reconhecimento antigênico somente com a vacina 2, denotando a presença de quantidades significativas de frações alergênicas na referida vacina, como comprovado pelos resultados obtidos de concentração protéica, perfil eletroforético e dosagem de alérgenos principais (Der p 1 e Der p 2). Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que as vacinas de D. pteronyssinus analisadas apresentam doses dos respectivos alérgenos muito aquém das doses comprovadamente efetivas recomendadas. Assim, as vacinas alergênicas devem ser melhor caracterizadas quanto à potência total e ao teor do alérgeno principal, antes de serem disponibilizadas no mercado.


Subject(s)
Immunologic Tests , In Vitro Techniques
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