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Acta méd. costarric ; 51(4): 229-235, oct. - dic. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-581044

ABSTRACT

Describir el manejo clínico y epidemiológico de la lepra, desde su aparición hasta el 2008 en Costa Rica y recomendar estrategias de control a las autoridades de salud. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. La revisión bibliográfica permitió describir la enfermedad desde 1798 hasta 1995. El Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos proporcionó la población y el Ministerio de Salud (MS) los casos para calcular tasas de prevalencia y porcentajes. Los hospitales: México y Calderón Guardia facilitaron los expedientes para clasificar los casos según tipo de lepra y compararlos con los notificados del MS. Resultados: El primer caso se documentó en 1798. En 1979, se cerró el Sanatorio Nacional de las Mercedes. Las estrategias de control implementadas por el MS lograron disminuir los casos a menos de 1x10000 habitantes en 1995. Del 2002 al 2008, en el país, se notificaron al MS 67 casos, pero 45 no especificaron el tipo de lepra. En los 22 casos clasificados, solo el 3 por ciento fue paucibacilar. El 97 por ciento de los casos notificados al MS eran lepra multibacilar. En los hospitales Calderón Guardia y México se atendieron 35 pacientes en el mismo periodo y de ellos 28 (80 por ciento) fueron del tipo lepra multibaciar. Conclusión: Dado el alto porcentaje de pacientes multibacilares, es urgente que la Seguridad Social implemente la detección temprana de los casos, la rehabilitación integral de los pacientes y participe en forma activa y coordinada, en el control clínico y epidemiológico de esta enfermedad.


The aims of this review are to describe the clinical and epidemiologicalcharacteristics of leprosy from the first case documented and up to the year 2008 in Costa Rica and to advise health authorities on controlling disease strategies. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study concerning leprosy. The reference review allowed us to describe the disease from 1798 up to 1995. The National Institute of Census and Statistics provided the population data and the Ministry of Health the cases inorder to calculate prevalence and percentages. The Mexico and Calderon Guardia Hospitals provided the patient files to classify leprosy cases by type and to compare them with the casesnotified to the Ministry of Health. Results: The first case was documented in 1798. In 1979 the Mercedes National Sanatorium was closed. Control strategies implemented by the Ministry of Health diminished the number ofcases reported to a ratio of 1 x 10,000 inhabitants by the year 1995. From 2002 through 2008 there were 67 cases reported to the Ministry of Health but in 45 of these cases the type of leprosy diagnosed was not specified. From the 22 cases in which the type of leprosy was specified, only 3% were of the paucibacillary leprosy. 97% of the cases notified to the Ministry of Health were multibacillary leprosy. In the Calderon Guardia and Mexico Hospitals 35 patients were attended during the same period of time and 28 of them (80%) were found to have multibacillary leprosy. Conclusion: Given the high percentage of multibacillary leprosy, it is a matter of urgency that the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social implements the early detection and integral rehabilitationof patients and that it participate in an active and coordinated manner in the clinical and epidemiological control of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Leprosy , Costa Rica
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