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1.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 48: e11, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551020

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective. To provide a comprehensive overview of geographical patterns (2001-2010) and time trends (1993-2012) of cancer incidence in children aged 0-19 years in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and interpret the findings in the context of global patterns. Methods. Geographical variations in 2001-2010 and incidence trends over 1993-2012 in the population of LAC younger than 20 years were described using the database of the third volume of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer study containing comparable data. Age-specific incidence per million person-years (ASR) was calculated for population subgroups and age-standardized (WSR) using the world standard population. Results. Overall, 36 744 unique cases were included in this study. In 2001-2010 the overall WSR in age 0-14 years was 132.6. The most frequent were leukemia (WSR 48.7), central nervous system neoplasms (WSR 23.0), and lymphoma (WSR 16.6). The overall ASR in age group 15-19 years was 152.3 with lymphoma ranking first (ASR 30.2). Incidence was higher in males than in females, and higher in South America than in Central America and the Caribbean. Compared with global data LAC incidence was lower overall, except for leukemia and lymphoma at age 0-14 years and the other and unspecified tumors at any age. Overall incidence at age 0-19 years increased by 1.0% per year (95% CI [0.6, 1.3]) over 1993-2012. The included registries covered 16% of population aged 0-14 years and 10% of population aged 15-19 years. Conclusions. The observed patterns provide a baseline to assess the status and evolution of childhood cancer occurrence in the region. Extended and sustained support of cancer registration is required to improve representativeness and timeliness of data for childhood cancer control in LAC.


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RESUMO Objetivo. Apresentar uma visão abrangente dos padrões geográficos (2001 a 2010) e das tendências temporais (1993 a 2012) da incidência de câncer em crianças e jovens de 0 a 19 anos na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC) e interpretar os resultados no contexto de padrões mundiais. Métodos. Foram descritas variações geográficas de 2001 a 2010 e tendências de incidência de 1993 a 2012 na população com menos de 20 anos da ALC usando informações comparáveis da base de dados do terceiro volume do estudo International Incidence of Childhood Cancer. Foram calculadas taxas de incidência específica por idade por milhão de pessoas-ano (ASR, na sigla em inglês) para subgrupos populacionais e taxas padronizadas por idade usando a população padrão mundial (WSR, na sigla em inglês). Resultados. No total, foram incluídos 36 744 casos únicos. No período de 2001 a 2010, a WSR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 0 a 14 anos foi de 132,6. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram leucemia (WSR de 48,7), neoplasias do sistema nervoso central (WSR de 23,0) e linfoma (WSR de 16,6). A ASR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos foi de 152,3, e a maior taxa foi a de linfoma (ASR de 30,2). A incidência foi maior no sexo masculino do que no sexo feminino e maior na América do Sul do que na América Central e no Caribe. De modo geral, em comparação com as estimativas mundiais, a incidência na ALC foi menor, exceto para leucemia e linfoma entre 0 e 14 anos e para outros tumores e tumores não especificados em qualquer idade. A taxa de incidência na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos aumentou em 1,0% ao ano (IC de 95% [0,6, 1,3]) entre 1993 e 2012. Os registros incluídos cobriam 16% da população de 0 a 14 anos e 10% da população de 15 a 19 anos. Conclusões. Os padrões observados servem de referência para avaliar o status e a evolução da ocorrência de câncer infantil na região. É necessário garantir um apoio ampliado e consistente aos registros de câncer para aprimorar a representatividade e a disponibilidade das informações em tempo adequado para o controle do câncer infantil na ALC.

2.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 15(1): 45-56, ago. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-769013

ABSTRACT

La presente investigación aborda la temática “Discapacidad y legislación laboral chilena”, con el propósito de incorporar en el análisis la visión de sujetos en situación de discapacidad con experiencia organizativa y orientados a la acción política. El objetivo es analizar la visión respecto a la legislación laboral actual chilena desde sujetos en situación de discapacidad que participan activamente en política, pertenecientes al Colectivo Palos de Ciego durante el año 2014. Se utiliza una metodología participativa con enfoque cualitativo, orientada a la emancipación y con perspectiva etnográfica. La recolección de información se realiza a partir de la observación participante, notas de campo y entrevistas en profundidad. El análisis de la información se realiza mediante codificación abierta. Los resultados se estructuran a partir de tres ejes temáticos: visión política de la legislación laboral, limitantes percibidas y propuestas de transformación respecto de la inclusión laboral chilena. La problemática central tiene relación con la lógica dominante bajo la cual el Estado actúa de manera subsidiaria, no reconociendo los Derechos inherentes de los sujetos en situación de discapacidad. Los miembros del Colectivo proponen estrategias de transformación de orden político, con incidencia en aspectos globales y de acción política directa, destacándose la importancia de concientizar a la sociedad respecto a la comprensión de la discapacidad como problema político. Finalmente, se expresa el desafío de ampliar la Terapia Ocupacional al ámbito político, orientando la participación del profesional en los procesos de lucha política de los sujetos en situación de discapacidad.


This research is framed in the thematic “Disability and Chilean labor legislation” with the purpose of incorporating the vision of the subjects in disability situation with experience and political action. The aim of this research is to analyze the political vision regarding the current Chilean labor legislation, from the subjects in disability situation belonging to the group “Palos de ciego” during 2014. A participatory methodology with qualitative focusing is used, oriented to emancipation, with ethnographic perspective. Data gathering is from participant observation, field notes, and in-depth interviews. The analysis of information is done through open coding. Results are structured from three thematic axes: political vision of the labor legislation, limitations and proposals of transformation of the Chilean labor inclusion. The central issue is related to the dominant logic, under which the state acts on a subsidiary basis, not recognizing the inherent rights of the subjects in disability situation. The group proposes strategies of transformation of political order, with incidence in global and specific aspects, standing out the importance of awareness in society regarding compression of disability as a political problem. Finally, is expressed the challenge of enlarge occupational therapy to a political scope, encouraging the professional’s participation in the processes of political struggle of the subjects in situation of disability, as well as political participation thereof.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Disabled Persons , Legislation, Labor , Occupational Therapy , Public Policy , Social Participation , Chile , Interviews as Topic , Qualitative Research
3.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 14(1): 53-62, jul. 2014. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-768954

ABSTRACT

La investigación tiene como principal objetivo determinar de qué manera influye la motivación durante el juego para la generación de aprendizaje motor de dos niños con parálisis cerebral en un Centro Educacional Integral de la ciudad de Valdivia. Bajo los fundamentos teóricos de la Ciencia de la Ocupación y la Terapia Ocupacional, se pretende identifcar cómo la motivación infuye en la conducta motora de los niños, favoreciendo o difcultando un aprendizaje motor durante el juego. La metodología utilizada es de carácter cualitativo, siendo su diseño el estudio de casos. Los principales resultados demuestran que para generar una motivación y para que ésta, a su vez, tenga una infuencia en la generación de aprendizaje motor en estos niños, se requieren factores externos durante el desarrollo del juego, a saber: tipo de juego particularmente juego propuesto y juego social– , intereses del niño y factores contextuales, los cuales repercuten en su desempeño ocupacional. Se concluye que el juego otorga herramientas para el aprendizaje motor, existiendo factores determinantes para que este pueda transformarse en una ocupación signifcativa. La motivación es clave para generar gran infuencia en el aprendizaje motor de niños con parálisis cerebral, que impacta positivamente en el desempeño ocupacional, observándose mayor interacción con los pares, involucramiento, conductas motoras adaptativas y aumento de la participación durante el juego.


The main goal of this research is to determine the role of motivation in play regarding motor learning in two kids suffering from cerebral palsy in an Integral Educational Center in Valdivia. Under the theoretical basics of Occupational Sciences and Occupational Therapy, the idea is to identify how motivation infuences the kids’ motor behavior, making it easy or making it diffcult to learn while playing. The methodology used has a qualitative nature, where its design is the study of different cases. The main results show that in order to generate a motivation, and for this motivation to have an infuence on a motor learning in these kids, external factors are also required during the development of play, such as: types of play (particularly proposed play and social play), kid’ interests, and contextual factors, which affect their occupational performance. In conclusion, play provides tools for motor learning. There are also critical factors for learning to become a signifcant occupation, where motivation is a key factor to generate a great infuence on motor learning when it comes to kids affected by cerebral palsy. This impacts the occupational performance in a positive way, where a higher interaction with peers, involvement, adaptive motor behaviors and an increase of participation during play can be observed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Cerebral Palsy , Motivation , Occupational Therapy , Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
4.
Rev. chil. cir ; 66(3): 236-240, jun. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708780

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Bilateral synchronous breast cancer (BSBC) has a variable incidence and conflicting data on prognosis. Our goal is to evaluate the characteristics and survival of patients with BSBC treated at Cancer Center of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Patients and Methods: Descriptive study. We identified patients treated between January 1999 and May 2013. We evaluated and compared characteristics from BSBC patients with a local cohort of non-synchronous breast cancer. Results: The incidence of BSBC was 1.8 percent (n = 28). Three patients were excluded because of missing data. Therefore we analyzed 25 patients (50 tumors). Median age: 50 years (33-84). The dominant tumor's diagnosis was clinical in 47.6 percent of cases, and imaging in 90.5 percent of the contra-lateral non-dominant (p = 0.04). Average tumor size of invasive tumors was 2.5 cm for dominant tumor versus 1.7 cm for the non-dominant (p = 0.02). 81.4 percent of invasive tumors were estrogen receptor (ER) positive. Histological and subtype concordance between both tumors was 88 percent and 72 percent respectively. 54 percent of patients with BSBC were managed with total mastectomy versus 28.4 percent in the control group no BSBC (p = 0.0001). The estimated overall survival at 10 years was 76.5 percent in patients with no BSBC versus 62 percent in those with BSBC (p = 0.08). Conclusions: The BSBC is rare. Frequently they are ER positive tumors, mostly diagnosed through images and managed with less conservative surgery.


Introducción: La incidencia y pronóstico del Cáncer de mama (CM) bilateral sincrónico (CMBS), no son bien conocidos. Evaluamos las características y sobrevida de pacientes con CMBS tratadas en el Centro de Cáncer de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo. Identificamos pacientes con CMBS tratadas entre enero de 1999 y mayo de 2013. Evaluamos sus características y las comparamos con una cohorte local de CM no sincrónico. Resultados: La incidencia de CMBS fue de 1,8 por ciento (n = 28). Se excluyeron 3 pacientes por falta de datos. Analizamos por tanto, 25 pacientes (50 tumores). Mediana de edad: 50 años (33-84). El diagnóstico del tumor dominante fue clínico en el 47,6 por ciento de los casos, y por imágenes en 90,5 por ciento de los contra-laterales no dominantes (p = 0,04). Tamaño tumoral promedio de los tumores invasores fue de 2,5 cm en tumores dominantes vs 1,7 cm en los no dominantes (p = 0,02). Un 81,4 por ciento de los tumores invasores fueron receptor de estrógenos (RE) positivos. La concordancia histológica y de subtipo histológico entre ambos tumores fue de 88 por ciento y 72 por ciento respectivamente. Un 54 por ciento de las pacientes con CMBS fueron manejadas con mastectomía total versus un 28,4 por ciento en el grupo control de CM no BS (p = 0,0001). La sobrevida global estimada a 10 años fue de un 76,5 por ciento en pacientes con CM no BS versus 62 por ciento en aquellos con CMBS (p = 0,08). Conclusiones: El CMBS es poco frecuente. Usualmente son tumores RE positivos que reciben con menos frecuencia manejo conservador de la mama.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Incidence , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Prognosis , Survival Analysis , Survival Rate
5.
Biol. Res ; 46(4): 323-331, 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-700394

ABSTRACT

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) could be the answer for many relevant problems affecting crops. However, improving crops through GMO is also often associated with safety concerns, environmental risks and health issues due to the presence of foreign DNA. These limitations have prompted the development of alternative technologies. Recently, cisgenesis and intragenesis have been developed as new tools aimed to modify crops. While cisgenesis involves genetic modification using a complete copy of natural genes with their regulatory elements that belong exclusively to sexually compatible plants, intragenesis refers to the transference of new combinations of genes and regulatory sequences belonging to that particular species. So far, application of cisgenesis and intragenesis as alternatives to conventional transgenesis are limited to a few species, mainly due to the lack of knowledge of the regulatory sequences required. The grape is one of the most cultivated crops worldwide and is the most economically relevant crop in Chile. Its genomic sequence has been completed, making available new sources of information to improve grape traits by genetic manipulation. This review is focused on the current alternatives to transgenesis in plants, including new approaches to develop marker-free crops, their application to economically relevant crops and future perspectives in the area. Also, the identification of grapevine promoters with a wide range of expression profiles is shown. The expression pattern of these genes was analyzed in different tissues and developmental stages, as well as under several stresses and stimuli, giving a broad range of expression patterns, including genes expressed exclusively during ripening, in response to sugars, senescence and biotic stress, among others. Genes with strong and constitutive expression were also identified. Functional analysis using reporter genes has been conducted in order to confirm the promoter's transcription activity, opening new possibilities for developing cisgenic/intragenic grapevines.


Subject(s)
Crops, Agricultural/genetics , Genetic Engineering/methods , Hybridization, Genetic/genetics , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , Chile
6.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 23(1): 5-12, 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-691039

ABSTRACT

Neural mechanisms involved in sleep and wakefulness generation are widely distributed in the central nervous system. Current models emphasize the pivotal role of the hypothalamus incontrolling the activation and inhibition of the ascending activating system and thlamo-cortical networks during wakefulness and restorative sleep respectively. The restorative properties of sleep, the duration and the timing of sleep occurrence is determined by at least two families of processes; (i) circadian rhythms generated at the hypothalamic pacemaker, that favorssleep and wakefulness at determined phases of the day; and (ii) homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the adequate daily sleep quotas, by compensating sleep debts and excesses. It is a current focus of clinical and basic research the effect of transient or chronic disruption of sleep architecture on performance and wellbeing.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Circadian Rhythm , Sleep Stages/physiology , Sleep/physiology , Wakefulness/physiology
7.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627544

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Dada la limitada información epidemiológica en Chile sobre las patologías orales más prevalentes y el efecto de los programas de salud instaurados, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en la prevalencia de caries y gingivitis en una población de 6 y 12 años de la VI Región, entre los años 2000 y 2010. Sujetos y Métodos: 143 sujetos de 6 y 12 años atendidos en el CESFAM de Peralillo fueron examinados clínicamente para detectar caries y diagnosticar gingivitis. Las fichas clínicas de 134 niños de las mismas edades y procedencia atendidos el año 2000 fueron analizadas para comparar los indicadores. Se obtuvo el índice de caries mediante el COPD y el ceod, además del diagnóstico gingival mediante parámetros clínicos. Los resultados de ambos años fueron comparados estadísticamente y las diferencias consideradas significativas si p<0.05. Resultados: La prevalencia de caries a los 6 años disminuyó de 89 por ciento a 65 por ciento, pero sólo el COPD mostró una reducción estadísticamente significativa de 0.93 a 0.086. A los 12 años, ni la prevalencia de caries ni el índice COPD mostraron un cambio significativo. La prevalencia de gingivitis disminuyó significativamente en ambos segmentos de edad en los 10 años de evaluación. Conclusiones: Pese a verificarse una leve disminución, la prevalencia de caries en Peralillo continua siendo muy alta y no ha variado sustancialmente en 10 años. Se sugieren más estudios similares para evaluar la eficacia de los programas en curso.


Aim: Given the limited epidemiological information in Chile on the most common oral diseases and the effectiveness of the existent programs, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in caries and gingivitis prevalence in a 6 and 12 year-old children from the VI Region, between the years 2000 and 2010. Subjects and Methods: 143 6 and 12 year-old children treated at the CESFAM of Peralillo were clinically examined to detect and diagnose caries and gingivitis. Clinical records of 134 same ages children treated at the same service in the year 2000 were analyzed to compare the indexes. Caries index was obtained by DMFT and dmft and gingivitis was assessed by clinical parameters. Results obtained both years were compared and considered significant if p<0.05. Results: Caries prevalence decreased in the group of 6 year-olds from 89 percent to 65 percent, but only DMFT showed a significant reduction from 0.93 to 0.086. In the 12 year-old children, neither caries prevalence nor DMFT showed significant changes within the 10-year period. Conclusions: In spite of a slight decrease, caries prevalence in Peralillo continues to be very high and it has not substantially changed in 10 years. Further similar studies are suggested to assess the efficacy of the current programs in use.


Subject(s)
Child , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Gingivitis/epidemiology , Age and Sex Distribution , Chile , DMF Index , Prevalence , Risk Factors
8.
Cuenca; s.n; 2007. 61 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-626136

ABSTRACT

Determinar la frecuencia de insuficiencia renal oculta y factores de riesgo asociados, basándose en la estimación del filtrado glomerular mediante la formula MDRD modificada.La prevalencia general de la insuficiencia renal oculta fue de 12%. La asociación estadística con: edad mayor a 65 años proporcionó una razón de prevalencia (RP) de 7,43 (IC 95% 3,70 - 14,94), p = 0,0000; sexo femenino, RP = 3,62(IC 95% 1,79 - 7,30), p = 0,0001; hipertensión arterial, RP= 2,67 (IC 95% 1,56 - 4,56),p = 0,0005; diabetes mellitus tipo 2, RP= 2,36 (IC 95% 1,35 - 4,11), p = 0,0027;sobrepeso, RP= 2,014 (IC 95% 1,09 - 3,70), p 0,02.La prevalencia de insuficiencia renal oculta estratificada de acuerdo a los factores de riesgo, determinó que estaban afectos: 18,2% de las mujeres y el 5% de los hombres;27,2% de los mayores de 65 años; 15,5% de pacientes con índice de masa corporal por encima de 25; 24,3% de los hipertensos; 23% de los diabéticos; y el 29% de los diabéticos e hipertensos.


Subject(s)
Glomerular Filtration Rate , Renal Insufficiency , Risk Factors , Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension
9.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 59(4): 190-195, dic. 2003. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-401620

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente que cursa con trombosis de la vena ovárica izquierda post parto prematuro extremo, secundario a corioamnionitis, con diagnóstico imagenológico confirmatorio y buena evolución a largo plazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis , Venous Thrombosis , Endometritis/diagnosis , Endometritis/pathology , Genitalia, Female/pathology
10.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 67(5): 402-404, 2002. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627339

ABSTRACT

Se describe un caso de embarazo ectópico asociado a un embarazo gemelar intrauterino, tratado quirúrgicamente con salpingectomía y buen resultado materno perinatal.


We report a case of an ectopic pregnancy associated to an intrauterine twin pregnancy surgically treated by laparotomy. The intrauterine twin pregnancy was delivered at 37 weeks and the fetus-maternal outcome was satisfactory.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy, Heterotopic/surgery , Pregnancy, Heterotopic/diagnosis , Pregnancy Outcome , Salpingectomy , Pregnancy, Twin
11.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 66(3): 204-209, 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-301871

ABSTRACT

El prolapso de cúpula vaginal constituye una complicación tardía de la histerectomía. Para su reparación se han descrito múltiples técnicas, tanto abdominales como vaginales. Se muestra nuestra experiencia en la reparación de este defecto utilizando la colposuspensión al promontorio con malla de Marlex. Se realizó un seguimiento de entre 1 y 2 años y se observó una tasa de curación subjetiva y objetiva de un 100 por ciento con un reinicio de la actividad sexual satisfactoria en 6/8 pacientes, y escasas complicaciones asociadas. Se concluye que esta técnica es una alternativa de elección en pacientes con prolapso de cúpula vaginal


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Uterine Prolapse , Follow-Up Studies , Hysterectomy , Surgical Mesh , Pelvic Floor/abnormalities , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/methods
12.
Asunción; UNA. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; 2000. 19 p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-389822

ABSTRACT

Reporta 5 casos de patología esplénica que recibieron una embolización arterial esplénica en cuatro de los casos. Presenta el procedimiento terapéutico como sencillo, válido, posible de realizar y pone a consideración la primera experiencia nacional en este tema


Subject(s)
Splenic Diseases
13.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 64(4): 309-12, 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-263684

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un caso de una paciente que, cursando un embarazo de 3er. trimestre, presentó un hematoma hepático subcapsular roto, manejado con técnica quirúrgica conservadora y con buen resultado materno neonatal


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Hematoma/surgery , Liver/surgery , Pregnancy Complications/surgery , Pre-Eclampsia/complications , HELLP Syndrome/complications
14.
Lima; CEPIS; mayo 1990. 15 p. ilus, tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-146776

ABSTRACT

Guía de procedimientos para la construcción de chimeneas y drenes para microrellenos sanitarios. Expone una metodología a seguir en caso de suscitarse inconvenientes con rellenos sanitarios en operación o ya terminados, derivados de la presencia de gases y lixiviación. Está basada en los resultados obtenidos en el proyecto de evaluación de gases y lixiviados en los microrellenos de Lima, financiado por la GTZ y ejecutado por la ESMLL y CEPIS


Subject(s)
Gases , Percolating Liquid
15.
Cochabamba; s.n; jun. 1975. 66 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LIBOCS, LILACS, LIBOE | ID: biblio-1295560
16.
Cochabamba; s.n; jun. 1975. 66 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LIBOCS, LILACS, LIBOSP | ID: biblio-1314815
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