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Vet. Méx ; 39(3): 247-253, jul.-sep. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-632883

ABSTRACT

The hoof is a relatively simple structure, mainly constituted by keratin, a highly sulfated protein, that provides hardness to the hoof and certain elasticity to support the weight and distribute the impact's intensity on the hoof. The hoof needs to have an adequate quality to be able to carry out these functions and that requires a good nutrition based on proteins, vitamins and minerals. Minerals constitute 4% of body weight and they are conformed by macrominerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium and sulfur) and microminerals (selenium, iodine, copper and zinc). Zinc participates in hoof formation while inducing keratin production. Its diet deficiency causes problems to the corneous tissue such as: thin and friable hooves, and fissures on the wall. Zn++ must be ingested in chelated form, as zinc methionine, to be adequately absorbed. The diet of seven horses was supplemented with 5.4 g/day/horse of zinc methionine for a period of six months. Samples were obtained from the wall level and transverse cuts were done; before and after the treatment, its morphology and contents of minerals (Mg++, Cl, S, Ca++, Na++, K+, P, Si, Fe++, Cu++,Zn++) were analyzed in the environmental scanning electron microscope equipped with an X ray disperser. It was observed that the morphology presented a better constitution and compactness of the tubular and intratubular horns in the medium stratum, as well as a substantial increment of zinc (32.9%) and sulfur (68.4%), which suggests an increase in keratin and better structure of the hoof.


El casco es una estructura relativamente sencilla, constituida por queratina, proteína bastante sulfatada, que provee al casco de dureza y cierta elasticidad para soportar el peso y distribuir la intensidad del impacto en el casco. Para este fin, se necesita que el casco tenga una calidad adecuada, que requiere de buena nutrición basada en proteínas, vitaminas y minerales. Los minerales constituyen 4% del peso corporal y se conforman en macrominerales (calcio, fósforo, sodio, cloro, potasio, magnesio y azufre) y microminerales (selenio, yodo, cobre y zinc). El zinc participa en la formación del casco al inducir la producción de queratina. Su deficiencia en la dieta causa problemas al tejido córneo, como cascos delgados, friables y fisuras en la pared. Para que el Zn++ sea absorbido adecuadamente, es necesario que sea ingerido en forma quelada como metionina de zinc. La dieta de siete caballos fue complementada con 5.4 g/día/caballo de metionina de zinc por un periodo de seis meses. Se obtuvieron muestras a nivel de la muralla y se realizaron cortes transversales; antes y después del tratamiento, se analizó su morfología y contenido de minerales (Mg++, Cl-, S, Ca++, Na++, K+, P, Si, Fe++, Cu++, Zn++) en el microscopio electrónico de barrido ambiental equipado con dispersor de rayos X. Se observó que la morfología presentaba mejor constitución y compactación de los cuernos tubulares e intratubulares en el estrato medio, así como aumento sustancial de zinc (32.9%) y de azufre (68.4%), lo cual sugiere incremento de queratina y mejor estructuración del casco.

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