ABSTRACT
Aims@#Helicobacter pylori is a gastrointestinal bacterium that causes peptic ulcers and stomach cancer in nearly half of the world’s population. Many virulence factors influence the outcome of H. pylori related disorders. The purpose of this study was to see if there was a relationship between H. pylori virulence factors and histological and endoscopic findings in stomach biopsy specimens from Sudanese gastritis patients.@*Methodology and results@#In the period between March 2018 and January 2020, a total of 290 gastric biopsies were taken from patients in Khartoum State hospitals. Histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed on all specimens. Histological investigation revealed H. pylori in 103/290 (35.5%) samples, while PCR revealed H. pylori 16S rRNA positivity in 88/290 (30.3%) samples. Eighty-eight positive PCR specimens were subjected to PCR for genotypic detection of cagA, cagE, vacA, dupA and iceA1 genes. All of strains were vacA positive 100% (88/88) followed by dupA 50.0% (44/88), cagA 40.9% (36/88), cagE gene 38.6% (34/88) and iceA1 gene was detected in only 15.9% (14/88). The vacA s1/m1 68.2% (60/88) was the most prevalent vacA subtype.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#Helicobacter pylori virulence genes were widespread and diversified in Sudanese gastritis patients. Helicobacter pylori cagA and iceA1 were significantly in association with gastric mucosa inflammation degree, whereas the dupA gene was found to be associated with the clinical outcomes.
Subject(s)
Helicobacter pylori , GastritisABSTRACT
Background: The clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of H1N1 influenza cases in Bahrain have not been reported
Objective: To evaluate personal and clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes in adults with confirmed H1N1 infection
Setting: Salmaniya medical complex, Bahrain
Design: A retrospective observational study
Method: All H1N1-confirmed-patients admitted between 1 September 2015 and 31 March 2016 were reviewed. Personal and clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes were documented. The analyses were performed using STATA software, version 12 and P-value of <.05 was considered significant
Result: Twenty-six confirmed H1N1 cases were admitted and reviewed. Eight [30.7%] were admitted to the intensive care unit and 5 [19.2%] died. None of the patients received flu vaccine.The age range was 24 to 83 years.The presence of comorbid conditions and smoking were common among the study population; however, it was not statistically significant. A significant association was discovered between mortality and the need for vasopressors [all patients requiring vasopressors died compared to only one among other patients, P-value<.005]
Conclusion: In our study of the flu season of 2015-2016, 5 patients died. We recommend vaccination, especially for high risk groups. The study is limited by the small study-population size and one missing file