Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on healing of fractures in rats

The right tibial shaft was fractured manually under ether anaesthesia in sixty adult male white rats, and then the hindlimb was fixed in plaster. Each of six groups comprised 10 rats. Group I and II served as control and were injected the first with normal saline, and the second with propylene glycol, the vehicle. Group III received 2 mg/kg/day indomethacin, Group IV diclofenac sodium 6 mg/kg/day, Group V piroxicam 3mg/kg/day, and Group VI trometanol tiaprofenate 27 mg/kg/day. All injections were intramuscular, continued for 21 days and were made up to the volume of 0.5 ml. At the end of the experiment blood samples showed no significant difference between the control and the experimental groups as regards the level of serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. Compared with the findings in the control groups, histological examination of the callus at the site of the experimental fracture revealed inhibited bone formation in the indomethacin group, increased osteogenesis in the diclofenac and tiaprofenate groups, and no difference in the piroxicam group. Histochemical study of acid phosphatase activity aimed at the demonstration of the extent of phagocytosic activity. When reduced the latter indicated a diminished inflammatory process and a progressive bone repair and vice versa. It was highly active in the control and piroxicam groups, strong in the indomethacin group, and markedly reduced in the diclofenac and tiaprofenate groups

Tibial torsion in osteoarthrosis of the knee joint

The incidence, direction and extent of tibial torsion in 311 patients with osteoarthrosis of the knee were studied [350 affected knees] using a tropometer. The control group consisted of 200 individuals [400 tibiae] of different ages, not suffering from osteoarthrosis. The tibiae of the first group on the nonaffected side were also measured and compared with the diseased and control subjects. In the control group there was no subjects with internal tibial torsion, zero torsion was present in 0.5% and all the remaining tibiae showed external tibial torsion [99.5%]. The range of external tibial torsion in them was 1-40, average 26.2. In the non-osteoarthrotic side in patients there was tibial internal torsion of 1- 20, average 9.2 in 17.7%, and external torsion of 1 to 29, average 19.9 in 78%, and zero torsion in 4.3%. In the non-osteoarthrotic side in patients there was zero torsion in 1.1%, external tibial torsion of 3 - 30, average 23.1 in 98.9%, and no tibiae with internal tibial torsion. It is concluded that internal tibial torsion is closely connected with osteoarthrosis of the knee joint, particularly when the medial compartment is affected, as a cause or as a result, most probably as an aetiological factor

Radiographic study of the movement of the normal wrist-joint

The radiographic study of fifty normal wrist-joints in 25 subjects revealed that from the neutral-zero position, palmar flexion takes place largely by movement in the midcarpal articulation. Dorsiflexion on the other hand occurs mostly in the radiocarpal articulation. In the last degrees of both flexion and extension, the radiocarpal articulation has a limited share. In abduction and adduction from the neutral-zero position, the range of movement in the radiocarpal articulation -is limited. In the midcarpal articulation it is nearly double that in the radiocarpal articulation in both directions

Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the stomach of rats

The stomach in sixty adult male white rats was studied for the effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs indomethacin, 2 mg/kg/day, diclofenac sodium, 6 mg/kg/day, piroxicam 3 mg/kg/day, and trometanol tiaprofenate 27 mg/kg/day Each group comprised 10 rats, and two groups served as control, being injected with either normal saline, or with propylene glycol, the vehicle. All injections were intramuscular, continued for three weeks and were made up to the volume of 0.5 ml. Mucosal ulcerations were seen with all NSAIDs. They were larger and numerous with indomethacin. The surface epithelium was negative for succinic dehydrogenase enzyme with diclofenac sodium, piroxicam and tiaprofenate. It was positive for acid phosphatase enzyme with diclofenac sodium and piroxicam. Oedema of the lamina propria was a common denominator. This masked the congestion which was clearly visualised by the intense alkaline phosphatase staining pattern. Inflammatory infiltration was seen only with tiaprofenate which was proved by intense positive acid phosphatase reaction. Hypocellularity of the upper one-half to two-thirds of the gastric glands was found with diclofenac sodium, piroxicam, and tiaprofenate. It was proved by the succinic dehydrogenase staining pattern. With indomethcin, the glandular cellularity was not affected. However the succinic dehydrogenase reaction showed functional derangement of the basal regions of the glands