ABSTRACT
Ankle arthrodesis has been used frequently for end-stage ankle arthritis that does not respond to conservative treatment. On the other hand, there are concerns regarding the degenerative changes to the adjacent joint, such as the subtalar or talonavicular joint, due to the altered biomechanics after the loss of ankle motion. Because the arthrodesis for these midtarsal joints may overload stress on another contiguous joint, a salvage procedure should be considered rather than joint sacrificing. This paper reports a case of talonavicular arthritis after malunited ankle arthrodesis that was treated with interpositional arthroplasty using the tibialis anterior tendon.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although numerous culture conditions for Malassezia species were suggested, there were not so many objective evaluation articles in the literature. OBJECTIVES: We examined the various culture conditions for Malassezia globosa. METHODS: Malassezia globosa culture conditions were assessed by Dixon's agar, modified Leeming-Notman medium in diverse oil content and temperature conditions. RESULTS: Maximum growth rate of Malassezia globosa was achieved at 3% olive oil. The optimal temperatures for the maximal growth of M. globosa were observed at 32~34degrees C. CONCLUSION: In this study, we established the optimal culture condition for M. globosa, and confirmed its excellent utility for the antifungal susceptibility tests for M. globosa and M. restricta. Our results can help the investigators plan to do the prospective researches involving Malassezia species, such as the susceptibility test for newly developed antifungal agents.
Subject(s)
Humans , Agar , Antifungal Agents , Malassezia , Olea , Olive Oil , Plant Oils , Research PersonnelABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Dandruff is a common complaint, and is suffered by up to 50% of the population at some time. Malassezia yeasts, which comprise part of the normal skin flora, might be a critical factor in this disease, as they have been found in higher proportions in patients with seborrheic dermatitis or dandruff, its milder form. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 4 weeks of treatment with 1% zinc pyrithione (ZP) shampoo. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, 4-week treatment period was preceded by a 1-week run-in period. A total of 30 patients were enrolled in this study. Assessments included the patient's subjective score (PSS) and the investigator's assessment score (IAS), images of the affected scalp area, the severity of sebum production, and the erythema and moisturizing effect of the shampoo. RESULTS: 1% ZP shampoo significantly reduced the extent and severity of scaling, as measured by folliscope imaging on visit 2 (p=0.0391) and visit 3 (p=0.0381), as well as pruritus related to the disease as measured by the grading systems, PSS (p=0.0352) and IAS (p=0.0142). Additionally, the results of this study show that a treatment regimen with 1% ZP shampoo significantly reduced scalp sebum production as measured by a sebumeter. Erythema measured by the chromameter was not as meaningful. The corneometric values were slightly increased in the group treated with 1% ZP shampoo but not in the group treated with ZP-free shampoo. Side effects of the ZP shampoo were quite mild and tolerable, and were observed only in a small group of patients. CONCLUSION: 1% ZP shampoo appears to be both effective and well-tolerated when used for the treatment of dandruff.