Stereoacuity in Patients with Non-Amblyopic Anisometropia

Purpose@#To compare the stereoacuity between patients with uncorrected and corrected non-amblyopic anisometropia, and to evaluate the correlation between the degrees of anisometropia and stereoacuity. @*Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with non-amblyopic anisometropia who underwent the stereoacuity test. Patients were divided into uncorrected anisometropia (n = 33) and corrected by spectacles (n = 30) groups. The clinical characteristics and sensory status of patients were evaluated using the Worth 4-dot, Titmus, Lang II, and TNO tests, and compared between the groups. Correlation analysis was performed between the degree of anisometropia and the level of stereopsis. @*Results@#The uncorrected and corrected anisometropia groups did not significantly differ in mean age (12.2 ± 3.7 and 11.8 ± 4.0 years) or degree of anisometropia (2.12 ± 1.21 and 1.81 ± 1.25 diopters). The rate of sensory fusion in the distant Worth 4-dot test was lower in the uncorrected anisometropia than the corrected anisometropia group. The level of stereopsis was also worse in the uncorrected anisometropia than the corrected anisometropia group in all stereoacuity tests. There was a strong positive correlation between the degree of anisometropia and the level of stereoacuity on the Titmus, Lang II, and TNO tests (r = 0.690, r = 0.614, and r = 0.655, respectively; all p < 0.001) in the uncorrected anisometropia group. However, the corrected anisometropia group showed a weak positive correlation between the degree of anisometropia and the level of stereoacuity only on the TNO test (r = 0.366; p = 0.047). @*Conclusions@#Stereoacuity was better in the corrected anisometropia group than in the uncorrected group. It significantly worsened with increasing anisometropia in the uncorrected group, but only a weak correlation was observed in the corrected group. Therefore, prescribing glasses could be recommended to improve stereopsis in adolescents and young adults with anisometropia.

Stereoacuity after Successful Occlusion Therapy in Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia

Purpose@#To compare the stereoacuity between patients with anisometropic amblyopia who were treated and achieved normal visual acuity (VA) and normal children and evaluate the factors associated with stereoacuity. @*Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed the records of 37 pediatric patients with anisometropic amblyopia who recovered to normal VA with glasses and occlusion treatment (amblyopia group) and 34 normal children (control group). The Worth 4-dot test, Lang II test, Titmus test, and TNO test were performed to measure stereoacuity. Clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups, and factors affecting stereoacuity outcomes were also analyzed in the amblyopic group. @*Results@#The mean age at diagnosis of amblyopia was 5.3 ± 1.4 years, and the mean VAs at diagnosis were 0.41 ± 0.24 and 0.06 ± 0.07 in amblyopic and fellow eyes, respectively. The mean duration of occlusion was 19.00 ± 9.44 months, and VA of amblyopic eyes improved to 0.04 ± 0.04 after occlusion treatment. The patient characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups, except for the final VA of the amblyopic eye. The final mean logarithm of minimal angle of resolution VA of the amblyopic eye in the amblyopia group was significantly worse than that in the control group. The number of patients with normal stereoacuity was significantly lower in the amblyopia group than in the control group on Lang II, Titmus, and TNO tests. Factors associated with poor stereoacuity were severe amblyopia in the Lang II test and poor post-treatment VA of the amblyopic eye in the Titmus test. @*Conclusions@#Stereoacuity was worse in the amblyopia group than in the control group, despite normal visual development. The depth of amblyopia and post-treatment VA were associated with stereoacuity outcomes. Thus, VA improvement should be closely monitored in the amblyopic eye to obtain good stereoacuity.

Fluorescein Angiographic Abnormalities in the Contralateral Eye with Normal Fundus in Children with Unilateral Coats' Disease

PURPOSE: We report the detection of peripheral retinal vascular abnormalities in the fellow eye with normal fundus in children with unilateral Coats' disease. METHODS: The clinical records of patients diagnosed with Coats' disease were retrospectively reviewed. We recorded the subjects' characteristics and obtained fundus photography and fluorescein angiography (FA) images. The main outcome measure was peripheral vascular abnormalities in the contralateral eye with normal fundus in children with unilateral Coats' disease, observed with FA. RESULTS: Out of 47 patients with Coats' disease, two (4.3%) were diagnosed with clinically bilateral Coats' disease. Of the 45 patients with presumed unilateral Coats' disease, four (8.9%) had bilateral abnormal peripheral vasculature in FA. The mean age of these four patients was 6.4 ± 5.4 years (range, 1 to 14 years), and three patients were male (75%). All four had peripheral retinal nonperfusion, and two (50%) received laser photocoagulation due to peripheral leakage with telangiectatic vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Coats' disease may more often be a bilateral disease with asymmetry than previously thought. Patients with Coats' disease should undergo careful examination of the fellow eye with FA in order to detect and treat vascular abnormalities that are not visible clinically.

Iatrogenic Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Following Retrobulbar Anesthesia for Intraocular Surgery

PURPOSE: To present clinical features of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) following retrobulbar anesthesia for intraocular surgery. METHODS: This observational case series describes 5 consecutive patients with acute CRAO following retrobulbar anesthesia for intraocular surgery. Data collected for this study included subject characteristics, retrobulbar anesthesia technique, treatment type, initial and final best-corrected visual acuity, and other ophthalmologic examinations. RESULTS: Mean subject age was 67.0 +/- 8.2 years (range, 53 to 72 years). All patients had one or more vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, cerebral infarction, carotid artery stenosis) and presented with acute vision loss 1 day after uneventful intraocular surgery (cataract surgery in 2 eyes and vitrectomy in 3 eyes). All 5 patients received retrobulbar anesthesia during surgery, 4 of which involved the use of a sharp needle. No immediate complications were noted during intraocular surgery. Final visual prognosis was poor (from finger count to no light perception) although intraocular thrombolysis was attempted in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Iatrogenic CRAO is a potential complication of retrobulbar anesthesia for intraocular surgery in elderly patients with vascular risk factors. Unfortunately, this complication can lead to severe vision loss. We conclude that retrobulbar anesthesia for intraocular surgery should be performed with great care and special consideration for elderly patients with vascular risk factors.

In Situ Peripheral Iridoplasty in Phakic Eyes for the Treatment of Symptomatic Peripheral Iridotomy

No abstract available.

Malignant Sertoli cell tumor in Shih Tzu dog / 대한수의학회지

Malignant Sertoli cell tumor was diagnosed in a 5-year-old male Shih Tzu dog. Clinical features of the dog were anorexia, urinary incontinence, constipation, anemia, alopecia, and epistaxis. The dog also had unilateral cryptorchid testis in the abdomen. Several abdominal and thoracic masses were identified on radiography. Grossly, the cryptorchid testicular mass was markedly enlarged to 8 cm in diameter. On cut surface, firm and well demarcated milk-white neoplastic areas were irregularly separated by white fibrous bands. Histologically, the testicular mass was diagnosed as tubular pattern Sertoli cell tumor. In addition, abdominal and mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis were found. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin and neuron specific enolase, but negative for S-100 and cytokeratin.

Comparison of Clinical Features of Norovirus and Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children and Norovirus Genotype Analysis / 감염과화학요법

BACKGROUND: Norovirus is one of the most prevalent pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis in children. We compared the clinical features of noroviral gastroenteritis to those of rotaviral gastroenteritis and analyzed the noroviruses' genotype frequencies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stool samples were obtained form 433 children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis from May 2008 through February 2009 at Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital and examined for the presence of norovirus or rotavirus. We then analyzed the clinical features of noroviral gastroenteritis in comparison with rotaviral gastroenteritis and observed the capsid protein gene sequences from the isolated norovirus for genotyping. RESULTS: Norovirus was isolated from 69 patients (16.4%) and rotavirus from 49 patients (11.6%). The noroviral gastroenteritis patients experienced vomiting (77.4%), diarrhea (73.2%), and respiratory symptoms (53.6%); the rotaviral gastroenteritis patients experienced diarrhea (71.4%), dehydration (69.3%), and vomiting (65.3%). Dehydration in patients with noroviral gastroenteritis (43.4%) was rare compared with rotavirus (69.3%) (P=0.008). The isolated norovirus belonged primarily to the GII.4 genogroup (85.5%). Our phylogenetic analysis of the GII.4 isolates revealed 3 clusters, including novel cluster C. CONCLUSIONS: Vomiting was the most common symptom in noroviral gastroenteritis patients. Dehydration in noroviral gastroenteritis patients was less common compared with rotavirus gastroenteritis patients. The majority of the norovirus strains isolated from children with acute gastroenteritis belonged to the GII.4 genogroup.