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This study examined the impact of perceived volume on satiety using 400 g kimchi fried rice in a normal rice bowl (Normal-400), 300 g kimchi fried rice in an augmented rice bowl with an elevated bottom (Illusion-300 and 300 g kimchi fried rice in a normal rice bowl (Normal-300). Thirty-six healthy women took part in this study once a week for three weeks. The Normal-400 (1st week), Illusion-300 (2nd week), and Normal-300 (3rd week) bowls were used to served kimchi fried rice to the same participants over three consecutive weeks. After each lunch, the consumption volume of fried rice, perception volume, and satiety rate were measured. The consumption volume of the fried rice was 313.8 g with the Normal-400, 248.9 g with the Illusion-300 and 240.2 g with the Normal-300. The perceived volume on an estimated five-point scale was 4.0 with the Normal-400, 4.1 with the Illusion-300 and 2.4 with the Normal-300. We compared the post-meal satiety of perceptually equal but quantitatively different amounts of food served in two different bowls (Normal-400 vs Illusion-300) and found that the participants felt equally full with both bowls despite having consumed significantly more food from the Normal-400. We also compared the post-meal satiety of perceptually different but quantitatively equal amounts of food in two different bowls (Illusion-300 vs Normal-300) and discovered that the subjects felt significantly fuller with the Illusion-300 although similar amounts of food were consumed from the two bowls. These two comparisons showed that visual cues play a critical role in determining satiety and that perceived volume is perhaps more important than the actual volume of consumed food, while in determining the level of fullness.
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The perception volume, intake volume, and satiety rate of rice, soup, and side dishes using tableware and food trays were analyzed. Rice, beef, soup, and side dishes in tableware (1st week) and the same menu in food trays (2nd week) were served to twenty-nine female college students over two consecutive weeks (BMI 22.1 kg/㎡ , Age 22.9 yr). The results showed that the perceived volume of soup served in tableware was significantly higher than when served in a food tray. On the other hand, except for the perception volume of soup (tableware: 174.80±19.40 g, food tray: 136.14±12.77 g, P＜0.05), there was no significant difference in the food perception volume and food intake volume using tableware and food trays between the two groups.The satiety rate of the food tray group (6.68) was significantly higher than that of the tableware group (7.42) after one hour (P＜0.05). However, except after one hour, the two groups’ satiety rate showed a similar pattern. In most of the comparisons, the results showed no difference between table ware and food trays.Besides, the use of food trays has advantages in terms of easy to manage and convenience. Therefore, food trays might be a better option instead of a tableware.
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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyse dieting practices and tendencies in 2010 and 2015 using big data. METHODS: Keywords related to diet were collected from the portal site Naver from January 1, 2010 until December 31, 2010 for 2010 data and from January 1, 2015 until December 31, 2015 for 2015 data. Collected data were analyzed by simple frequency analysis, N-gram analysis, keyword network analysis, and seasonality analysis. RESULTS: The results show that exercise had the highest frequency in simple frequency analysis in both years. However, weight reduction in 2010 and diet menu in 2015 appeared most frequently in N-gram analysis. In addition, keyword network analysis was categorized into three groups in 2010 (diet group, exercise group, and commercial weight control group) and four groups in 2015 (diet group, exercise group, commercial program for weight control group, and commercial food for weight control group). Analysis of seasonality showed that subjects' interests in diets increased steadily from February to July, although subjects were most interested in diets in July in both years. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the number of data in 2015 steadily increased compared with 2010, and diet grouping could be further subdivided. In addition, it can be confirmed that a similar pattern appeared over a one-year cycle in 2010 and 2015. Therefore, dietary method is reflected in society, and it changes according to trends.
Subject(s)
Diet , Methods , Seasons , Weight LossABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyse dieting practices and tendencies in 2010 and 2015 using big data. METHODS: Keywords related to diet were collected from the portal site Naver from January 1, 2010 until December 31, 2010 for 2010 data and from January 1, 2015 until December 31, 2015 for 2015 data. Collected data were analyzed by simple frequency analysis, N-gram analysis, keyword network analysis, and seasonality analysis. RESULTS: The results show that exercise had the highest frequency in simple frequency analysis in both years. However, weight reduction in 2010 and diet menu in 2015 appeared most frequently in N-gram analysis. In addition, keyword network analysis was categorized into three groups in 2010 (diet group, exercise group, and commercial weight control group) and four groups in 2015 (diet group, exercise group, commercial program for weight control group, and commercial food for weight control group). Analysis of seasonality showed that subjects' interests in diets increased steadily from February to July, although subjects were most interested in diets in July in both years. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the number of data in 2015 steadily increased compared with 2010, and diet grouping could be further subdivided. In addition, it can be confirmed that a similar pattern appeared over a one-year cycle in 2010 and 2015. Therefore, dietary method is reflected in society, and it changes according to trends.
Subject(s)
Diet , Methods , Seasons , Weight LossABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The objective of the present study was to predict the gestational age at preterm birth using artificial neural networks for singleton pregnancy. METHODS: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used as a tool for the prediction of gestational age at birth. ANNs trained using obstetrical data of 125 cases, including 56 preterm and 69 non-preterm deliveries. Using a 36-variable obstetrical input set, gestational weeks at delivery were predicted by 89 cases of training sets, 18 cases of validating sets, and 18 cases of testing sets (total: 125 cases). After training, we validated the model by another 12 cases containing data of preterm deliveries. RESULTS: To define the accuracy of the developed model, we confirmed the correlation coefficient (R) and mean square error of the model. For validating sets, the correlation coefficient was 0.839, but R of testing sets was 0.892, and R of total 125 cases was 0.959. The neural networks were well trained, and the model predictions were relatively good. Furthermore, the model was validated with another dataset of 12 cases, and the correlation coefficient was 0.709. The error days were 11.58±13.73. CONCLUSION: In the present study, we trained the ANNs and developed the predictive model for gestational age at delivery. Although the prediction for gestational age at birth in singleton preterm birth was feasible, further studies with larger data, including detailed risk variables of preterm birth and other obstetrical outcomes, are needed.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Dataset , Gestational Age , Parturition , Premature BirthABSTRACT
This study compared the Center for Children's Foodservice Management in 2012, 2014, and 2016 using big data and opinion mining. The data on the Center for Children's Foodservice Management were collected from the portal site, Naver, from January 1 to December 31 in 2012, 2014, & 2016 and analyzed by keyword frequency analysis, influx route analysis of data, polarity analysis via opinion mining, and positive and negative keyword analysis by polarity analysis. The results showed that nursery had the highest rank every year and education supported by Center for Children's Foodservice Management has increased significantly. The influx of data has increased through the influx route analysis of data. Blog and cafée, which have a considerable amount of information by the mother should be helpful for use as public relations and participation recruitment paths. By polarity analysis using opinion mining, the positive image of the Center for Children's Foodservice Management was increased. Therefore, the Center for Children's Foodservice Management was well-suited to the purpose and the interests of the people has been increasing steadily. In the near future, the Center for Children's Foodservice Management is expected have good recognition if various programs to participate with family are developed and advertised.
Subject(s)
Humans , Education , Mining , Mothers , Nurseries, Infant , Public RelationsABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the diet tendencies of human and companion animals using big data analysis. The keyword data of human diet and companion animals' diet were collected from the portal site Naver from January 1, 2016 until December 31, 2016 and collected data were analyzed by simple frequency analysis, N-gram analysis, keyword network analysis and seasonality analysis. In terms of human, the word exercise had the highest frequency through simple frequency analysis, whereas diet menu most frequently appeared in the N-gram analysis. companion animals, the term dog had the highest frequency in simple frequency analysis, whereas diet method was most frequent through N-gram analysis. Keyword network analysis for human indicated 4 groups: diet group, exercise group, commercial diet food group, and commercial diet program group. However, the keyword network analysis for companion animals indicated 3 groups: diet group, exercise group, and professional medical help group. The analysis of seasonality showed that the interest in diet for both human and companion animals increased steadily since February of 2016 and reached its peak in July. In conclusion, diets of human and companion animals showed similar tendencies, particularly having higher preference for dietary control over other methods. The diets of companion animals are determined by the choice of their owners as effective diet method for owners are usually applied to the companion animals. Therefore, it is necessary to have empirical demonstration of whether correlation of obesity between human being and the companion animals exist.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Humans , Diet , Friends , Methods , Obesity , Pets , Seasons , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
Limitation of a questionnaire survey which is widely used is time and money, limited numbers of participants, biased confidence interval and unreliable results. To overcome these, we performed tendency and network analysis of diet using big Data in Koreans. The keyword on diet were collected from the portal site Naver from January 1, 2015 until December 31, 2015 and collected data were analyzed by simple frequency analysis, N-gram analysis, keyword network analysis and seasonality analysis. The results showed that diet menu appeared most frequently by N-gram analysis, even though exercise had the highest frequency by simple frequency analysis. In addition, keyword network analysis were categorized into four groups: diet group, exercise group, commercial diet program company group and commercial diet food group. The analysis of seasonality showed that subject' interests in diet had increased steadily since February, 2015, although subjects were most interested indiet in July, these results suggest that the best strategies for weight loss are based on diet menu and starting diet before July. As people are especially sensitive to diet trends, researches are needed about annual analysis of big data.
Subject(s)
Bias , Diet , Seasons , Weight LossABSTRACT
This study was performed to evaluate the differences in blood pressure, sodium intake and dietary behavior changes according to the extent of session attendance on sodium reduction education program for pre-hypertensive adults in a public health center. Sodium reduction education program consisted of 8 sessions for 8 weeks. Fifty three patients who completed the pre and post nutritional assessments were classified into 2 groups according to the session attendance rate. Nineteen participants who attended the education program 3 times or less ( or = 4) into the more attendance (MA) group. Blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, serum lipid profile, nutrient intakes including sodium, nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior score were assessed before and after the nutrition education program. Mean sodium intakes (p < 0.001), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), and weight (p < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the MA group after sodium reduction education program. Compared to the MA group, mean sodium intakes, systolic/diastolic blood pressure were not significantly changed after the education program even with significantly increased nutrition knowledge (p < 0.05) and dietary behavior score (p < 0.01) in the LA group. It appears that pre-hypertensive adults need to attend the sodium reduction education program for at least 4 times or more to gain beneficial effects from the intervention. Positive feedback of healthcare team or offering more cooking classes may be needed to raise the attendance rate in the sodium reduction education program.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Blood Pressure , Cooking , Education , Hypertension , Nutrition Assessment , Patient Care Team , Public Health , SodiumABSTRACT
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sodium reduction education program of a public health center on the blood pressure, blood biochemical profile and sodium intake of hypertensive adults. The program continued for 16 weeks with an 8-week nutrition education and an 8-week follow-up to forty two subjects, 6 males and 36 females aged 46 to 80 years. Subjects received nutrition education including lectures, activities, cooking classes and nutrition counseling. Physical fitness, management of stress, and nutrition counseling were provided during the follow-up. The program was evaluated three times, before and after the nutrition education, and after the follow-up. Systolic blood pressure (p < 0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) were decreased after completion of the program. Body weight (p < 0.005), percent body fat (p < 0.005) and body mass index (p < 0.001) were decreased, too. There were no significant differences in blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, while elevated levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) appeared after the program completion. Decreased intakes of vitamin A (p < 0.05), beta-carotene (p < 0.001) and sodium (p < 0.001) were observed. Consumption frequency of noodles, soups, stews, kimchi, fishes/shellfish, seasoned vegetables, and salted seafoods/pickles (p < 0.05~p < 0.001) were decreased, while that of all food groups were not changed during the follow-up. Total score of nutrition knowledge related to sodium intake and hypertension (p < 0.001), and that of dietary behavior associated with high sodium intakes were changed positively (p < 0.001) only during the nutrition education. This sodium reduction education program, including the follow-up study showed positive effects on the blood pressure, sodium intake, nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior of hypertensive adults.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Adipose Tissue , beta Carotene , Blood Glucose , Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Cholesterol , Cooking , Counseling , Follow-Up Studies , Hypertension , Lecture , Physical Fitness , Public Health , Seasons , Sodium , Triglycerides , Vegetables , Vitamin AABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: On-line hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) is a method that combines diffusive and convective solute transport component. OL-HDF provides improved solute clearance for both low-and large molecular-weight uremic toxins by enhancing convective clearance through highly permeable membranes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of OL-HDF on oxidative stress and beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG) in comparison with high-flux hemodialysis (HF-HD). METHODS: Twenty-one patients on thrice-weekly low-flux hemodialysis (LF-HD) for at least 6 months were studied. Every patient underwent OL-HDF and HF-HD for four weeks, respectively. There were 2 weeks of wash-out period in which patients were treated with LF-HD, between different treatment periods. Predialysis and postdialysis solute (creatinine, BUN, phosphate, beta2-MG) concentrations were measured in the serum. In addition, predialysis solute (MDA, TAC, hsCRP) concentrations were measured. RESULTS: The urea reduction ratio (64.2+/-14.5 vs. 60.1+/-11.2%), Kt/V (1.4+/-0.2 vs. 1.3+/-0.3), beta2-MG reduction ratio (53.8+/-9.7 vs. 44.3+/-8.7%) and beta2- MG clearance (120.7+/-33.4 vs. 92.7+/-17.6 mL/min) were significantly higher in patients treated with on- line HDF compared with those treated with HF-HD. After 4 weeks of treatment, predialysis serum MDA levels were significantly lower in patients treated with OL-HDF compared with those treated with HF-HD (1.04+/-0.26 vs. 1.19+/-0.25 umol/L). After 4 weeks of treatment with 2 different dialysis modes, predialysis serum beta2-MG (3.7+/-1.0 vs. 2.2+/-0.4 mg/ dL), MDA (1.19+/-0.21 vs. 1.04+/-0.26 umol/L), TAC (265.9+/-21.1 vs. 290.2+/-23.9 umol/L) and log hsCRP (0.07+/-0.51 vs. -0.23+/-0.62) levels were significantly improved compared to the baseline in OL-HDF patients. However, for HF-HD patients, only predialysis serum beta2-MG level at 4 weeks was significantly lower than baseline (3.8+/-1.0 vs. 2.5+/-0.4 mg/dL). CONCLUSION: This study shows that OL-HDF has been significant increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory marker removal compared to HF-HD.
Subject(s)
Humans , C-Reactive Protein , Dialysis , Hemodiafiltration , Malondialdehyde , Membranes , Oxidative Stress , Renal Dialysis , UreaABSTRACT
Imperforate hymen is a rare congenital malformation, but it can make hematocolpometra and complications. In most cases definite finding is noticed after menarche as retention of menstrual flow results in abdominal pain, distension of the lower abdomen and often in acute urinary retention. A case of imperforate hymen associated with hematocolpometra at age of 12 was treated satisfactorily by simple crucial incision of hymen and drained of about 450 cc of tarry blood. We present a case of imperforate hymen with a brief review of literatures concerned.
Subject(s)
Female , Abdomen , Abdominal Pain , Hymen , Menarche , Urinary RetentionABSTRACT
Placenta percreta occurs when chorionic villi penetrate through the myometrium up to the serosa. The incidence of placenta percreta is extremely rare, but it is accompanied by serious complications of pregnancy and their prediction is very difficult. Since spontaneous uterine rupture during the second trimester is an obstetric emergency, it is critical that the proper management should be taken promptly in order to decrease the maternal morbidity and mortality. We present a case of spontaneous uterine rupture in 17 weeks of pregnancy.
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Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Pregnancy , Chorionic Villi , Emergencies , Incidence , Mortality , Myometrium , Placenta Accreta , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Serous Membrane , Uterine RuptureABSTRACT
Metastatic ovarian adenocarinoma (Krukenberg tumor) is rare ovarian neoplasm and hard to detect early. The tumor characterized by the infiltration of the interstitium and the signet ring cell was metastasized from GI tract, predominantly. Gastroscopy should be performed in pregnant women with persistent gastro-intestinal complaints after the first trimester. We have experienced a case of metastatic ovarian adenocarcinoma at near term pregnancy, and report this case with a brief review of the concerned literatures.
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Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Adenocarcinoma , Gastrointestinal Tract , Gastroscopy , Ovarian Neoplasms , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Pregnant WomenABSTRACT
Endometriosis in the abdominal scar following cesarean section is very rare condition among the extrapelvic endometriosis. Abdominal wall endometriosis secondary to cesarean section is being reported in less than 0.5% of patients undergoing cesarean section and has a distinct presentation and treatment. Three patients with history of cesarean section presented with a painful, enlarging mass involving the cesarean section scar. The pain was cyclic and the strongest just prior to menstruation. These patients were treated with surgical excision and specimens had endometriosis confirmed by histopathology. We have experienced three cases of endometriosis in the abdominal scar following cesarean section. So, we report the cases with a brief review of the concerned literatures.