Difference in bond strength according to filling techniques and cavity walls in box-type occlusal composite resin restoration / 대한치과보존학회지

Bond strength depends on characteristics of bonding surface and restorative technique. The majority of studies dealing with dentin bond strength were carried out on flat bonding surface, therefore, difference of bond strength between axial wall and pulpal wall is not clear yet. This study evaluated bonding difference between cavity walls in class I composite resin restoration with different filling techniques. Twenty extracted caries-free human third molars were used. Cavities were prepared in 6 x 4 x 3 mm box-type and divided into four groups according to filling technique and bonding surface: Group I; bulk filling - pulpal wall, Group II; bulk filling - axial wall, Group III; incremental filling - pulpal wall, Group IV; incremental filling - axial wall. Cavities were filled with Filtek Z250(R)(3M/ESPE., USA) and Clearfill SE bond(R)(Kuraray, Japan). After 24 hour-storage in 37degrees C water, the resin bonded teeth were sectioned bucco-lingualy at the center of cavity. Specimens were vertically sectioned into 1.0 x 1.0 mm thick serial sticks perpendicular to the bond surface using a low-speed diamond saw (Accutom 50, Struers, Copenhagen, Denmark) under water cooling. The trimmed specimens were then attached to the testing device and in turn, was placed in a universal testing machine (EZ test, Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan) for micro-tensile testing at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and t-test at a significance level of 95%. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference between bulk filling and incremental filling. 2. There was no significant difference between pulpal wall and axial wall, either. Within the limit of this study, it was concluded that microtensile bond strength was not affected by the filling technique and the site of cavity walls.

Endobronchial Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Lung: A Case Report

Sarcomatoid carcinomas of the lung are rare malignant biphasic tumors composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. We report a case of endobronchial sarcomatoid carcinoma in a 56-year-old man with a history of smoking, in whom the tumor was an endobronchial mass arising from the superior segmental bronchus of the left lower lobe and protruding against the main bronchus without parenchymal invasion. The patient underwent left pneumonectomy but four months later died of mesenteric sarcomatous metastasis.

Papillary Tumors of the Breast: US Findings of the Benign and Malignant Lesions

PURPOSE: To determine which sonographic findings usefully differentiate between benign and malignant papillary tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively rev i ewed the ultrasonographic findings of 42 surgically proven cases of papillary breast lesions [11 malignant lesions (7 inva s i ve papillary carcinomas, 4 intraductal papillary carcinomas) and 31 benign intraductal pa-pillomas]. All 42 cases were classified sonographically as cystic or ductal, or solid type, and the shape, wall change, margin, internal echo-pattern, posterior echo change and other associated findings for the two types were then analysed. RESULTS: Among the 25 cases (5 malignant and 20 benign) of cystic or ductal type, tubular shaped lesions were more frequently benign (60%). In all 20 benign lesions the wall of cystic portion was well-defined, smooth and thin. The solid portion of the cystic type showed an illdefined irregular margin in four malignant lesions (80%) and a smooth margin in 19 which were benign (95%). The internal echo-pattern was heterogeneous mixed-echo in three cases of malignancy, and homogeneously hypoechoic in 19 benign lesions (95%). Posterior enhancement was seen in two malignant lesions (40%), while in 19 benign lesions (95%), there was no posterior echo change. There were 17 solid type lesions (6 malignant cases, 11 benign cases), and most of these, whether benign or malignant, were smooth, oval or lobulated, hypoechoic masses. Posterior enhancement, howeve r, was more frequently observed in malignant lesions (three cases, 50%) than in those which were benign (one case, 9%). CONCLUSION: In cystic or ductal type lesions, an ill-defined irregular thick cystic wall, an illdefined irregular margin, a heterogeneous mixed internal echo-pattern and posterior enhancement of the solid portion suggested malignancy. In solid type lesions, posterior enhancement was more frequently found in malignant than in benign lesions.

Atypical CT and MR Features of Chondroid Chordoma at the Base of the Skull: A Case Report

We report a case of chondroid chordoma without calcification in which T2-weighted MR images revealed homogeneous high signal intensity. The tumor was located in the left middle cranial fossa extending to the cerebellopontine angle and with displacement of the pituitary gland to the right side. Precontrast CT scans showed a homogeneous low -density mass, without calcification. T1-weighted MR images of the mass demonstrated relatively homogeneous low signal intensity, T2-weighted images showed homogeneous high signal intensity, and post -contrast T1-weighted images revealed somewhat heterogeneous enhancement.

Effects of Trehalose, Glucose and Lactose on the Stability of Hantaan Virus Vaccine

No abstract available.

Radiologic findings of anthracofibrosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the CT findings of bronchial anthracofibrosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fourteen patientswith bronchoscopically confirmed anthracofibrosis were involved in this study. CT findings (n=12) wereretrospectively analysed ; the pattern, distribution and extent of bronchial and parenchymal abnormalities andadditional findings such as mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion were assessed. Age, sex, andoccupational and disease history were also reviewed. RESULT: Patients were aged between 63 and 95 (mean,71.3)years, and ten were female. Only one patient had an occupational history, but four had a history of pulmonarytuberculosis. Frequent radiologic findings were bronchial wall thickening(n=6), atelectasis(n=8), mediastinallymphadenopathy(n=7) and mass(n=4). Other accompanying findings were bronchial wall calcification(n=3),consolidation(n=2) and pleural effusion(n=2). Right upper (n=7) and right middle lobe(n=7) were the most commonlyinvolved sites, and multifocal involvement(n=7) was frequent. CONCLUSION: Bronchial wall thickening, atelectasisand mediastinal lymphadenopathy were characteristic CT findings of anthracofibrosis. When such findings are notedin older or aged female patients, anthracofibrosis should be included in the differential diagnosis.

A Case of Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosjs Associated with Thberous Sclerosis and Renal Angiomyolipoma / 결핵

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis(LAM) is rare and essentially limited to women in the reproductive ages. A 39-year-old female was admitted due to progressive exerUional dyspnea and intermittent productive cough. Chest PA showed marked hyperinflation of the lung associated with a diffuse reticulo-nodular pattern. High resolution CT scan of the thorax demonstrated that diffusely scattered thin-walled cysts were distributed throughout the bilateral lung fields. Abdominal CT scan showed variable sized multiple angiomyolipoma of both kidney. By open lung biopsy, she was diagnosed as pulmonary LAM associated with Tuberous sclerosis and renal Angiomyolipoma. We present the case and discuss the connection between pulmonary LAM and Tuberous sclerosis.

CSF Flow Image Using Phase-Contrast Cine MR Technique: Preliminary Clinical Application

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of 2-D Cine PC (phase contrast) technique in visualizing the pattern and the site of abnormal CSF flow and to assess the effect of a third ventriculostomy in patients with hydrocephalus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of three normal controls and 13 patients with hydrocephalus, as shown on CT or MRI, and two patients who had undergone their third ventriculostomy. The technique was EKG-gated 2-D Cine PC MRI with velocity encoding 5cm/sec, TR 80msec, TE 12.3-15msec, and flip angle 15-60 degrees. Image quality was analyzed for variable sequences, and CSF flow was observed along the CSF flow pathway. We analyzed continuity and intensity of the CSF flow signal, and obstruction site and flow velocity degree were then defined. RESULTS: Systolic high and diastolic low signal intensity along the CSF flow-pathway, with normal asynchronicity and continuation, were clearly seen in normal controls. In three patients, there was obstruction at the ventricular level while others were either normal or showed a normal pattern with a weak signal. 'Normal' was defined as noncommunicating hydrocephalus and the latter as communicating hydrocephalus. In the two patients who had undergone ventriculostomy, a signal was in one case detected at the site of the third operation. CONCLUSION: A 2-D Cine PC CSF flow study enables us to see CSF flow signals noninvasively and to detect the site of obstruction of a CSF flow-pathway. It can therefore be useful for determining the application of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and assessing the effect of a third ventriculostomy.

Percutaneous Embolization Using Histoacrylic Blue(N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate) in VX-2 Carcinoma in the Orbit of Rabbits

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of percutaneous embolization of hypervascular VX-2 carcinoma in the retroorbital area of the rabbits using Histoacrylic Blue(N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate, NBCA) and to establish as an experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retroorbital VX-2 carcinoma was made in 10 rabbits by injection of carcioma cells. At 2 and 4 weeks following the tumor cell injection, carotid angiography was performed before and after percutaneous embolization using 50% NBCA diluted with Lipiodol. Doppler ultrasonography was also performed to evaluate the vascularity of the mass. Light microscopic examination was used to evaluate the effect of embolization on the tumor mass. RESULTS: Angiography following percutaneous embolization showed filling of embolic materials in the tumor beds. Ultrasonographic findings showed tumor necrosis and increased Doppler signal in the tumor. Histopathological examinations showed extensive necrosis of tumor cells with remaining viable cells surrounding the capillaries. There were no NBCA emboli in arterioles and capillaries of tumor beds in multiple sections. CONCLUSION: Since 50% diluted NBCA used as percutaneous embolus into the retroorbital VX-2 carcinoma dose not get into small blood vessels of tumor beds. using NBCA in lower concentration in the hypervascular tumor would be the next step to figure out its usefulness. This study also serves as an experimental model of percutaneous embolization of hypervascular tumor.

Contructive Interference in Steady State(CISS) 3DFT MR Imaging of the Inner Ear and Adjacent Structures

PURPOSE: To assess the value of 3 dimensional fourier transformation interference in steady state magnetin resonance imaging(3 DFT CISS1 MRI) in depicting the inner ear and vascular structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using 3DFT CISS axial and coronal MRI scans of both ears with 17.1 msec/8.0 msec/50 degree(TR/TE/FA) and 0.9mm in nominal thickness, we studied 68 normal ears of 34 volunteers aged between 15 and 54 years. We assessed the visualization of the membranous labyrinth, and of cranial nerves VII and VIII in the inner ear canal. We analyzed the location of the vascular loop of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in relation to cranial nerves VII and internal auditory canal. To define the three-dimensional images of the membranous labyrinth, MIP reconstruction of axial images was carried out. RESULTS: The very high signal of the intralabyrinth fluid enabled one hundred percent of the membranous labrynth to be seen. There was a lack of contrast between soft tissue and bone such as the facial nerve canal, vestibular aqueduct and canal of the subarcuate artery. In 25% of cases, the vascular loop was recognized in the porus acusticus, and in 6% of cases, inside the internal auditory canal. CONCLUSION: 3DFT CISS MRI is useful for determining the detailed anatomy of the inner ear and the nearby vascular loop. This special MR technique can be added as a routine protocol in the study of diseases of the inner ear.

Skull-Base Foramina of the Middle Cranial Fossa: Assessment of Normal Variation with High-Resolution CT

PURPOSE: To recognize foraminal variants of the foraminae of the skull base in the middle cranial fossa, and to thus understand and distinguish normal and potentially abnormal structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed 163 patients without intracranial disease who had undergone CT scanning. These comprised 82 men and 81 women with a mean age of 39 years (range, 4|73 years). HRCT was performed, using a GE 9800 scanner. All CT scans were obtained 6-7 slices at the base of the skull, with 1.5 mm collimation at 1.5 mm intervals parallel to the infraorbital line. We analysed the foraminae by closesly correlating imaging findings and established anatomic knowledge. RESULTS: In 45 cases (27.6 %) the foramen ovale was 5-10 mm in diameter and asymmetrical. Deficiency of the medial bony wall including persistent foramen lacerum medius was seen in five cases (3.1 %). Confluence of the foramen ovale and the foramen spinosum was seen in 13 cases (8 %) and confluence of the foramen ovale and the foramen of Vesalius in 23 (14.1 %). Posterolateral groove for the accessory meningeal artery was observed in 36 cases (22 %). The foramen spinosum was asymmetrical in 42 cases (25.8 %). A small or absent foramen spinosum with a larger ipsilateral foramen ovale was observed in 11 cases (6.7 %). Medial bony defect was seen in 16 cases (9.8%). The foramen spinosum was absent in four cases (2.5 %). In 74 cases (45.4 %), the foramen of Vesalius was absent ; it was present unilaterally and bilaterally in 55 (33.7 %) and 34 cases (20.9 %), respectively. Five cases showed duplicated foramina. Canaliculus innominatus was seen in 14 cases (8.9 %) and was present bilaterally in three (1.8 %). CONCLUSION: HRCT clearly delineates bony structure and is well able to display the rich spectrum of anatomic variation found in the base of the skull. The recognition of these normal variants will result in a better understanding of skull base neurovascular anatomy and diminish speculation as to their true nature during the interpretation of CT images.

CT after Gastrectomy for Gastric Carcinoma: Significance of Soft Tissue Surrounding the Celiac Axis

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether soft tissue surrounding the celiac axis, as seen on abdominal CT imaging after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma, should be considered as the recurrence of carcinoma or postoperative change. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-one abdominal CT examinations of 71 patients who had undergone subtotal or total gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma were included in our study. Conventional CT scans were obtained with 1 cm thickness and interval from the diaphragm to the kidneys after contrast enhancement. It was considered that carcinoma had not recurred if findings were negative on UGI series, endoscopy with biopsy and a normal level of carcinoembryonic antigen except for soft tissue surrounding the celiac axis on abdominal CT. We then divided subjects into a recurrence group (N = 20) and normal group (N = 51) and on initial follow-up CT (FU-CT), analyzed the incidence, margin, shape, extent, degree and pattern of attenuation of the soft tissue surrounding the celiac axis in both groups. Since the second FU-CT examination, we observed changes in the soft tissue surrounding the celiac axis. RESULTS: On initial follow-up CT, at mean 308 days after surgery, fifty-five percent(39/71) of total patients (70% (14/20) of the recurrence group and 49% (25/51) of the normal group) showed soft tissue surrounding the celiac axis. The margin was distinct in 12 (86%) of the recurrence group and indistinct in 21 (84%) of the normal group (P < 0.001). Twelve (86%) of the recurrence group showed a nodular or confluent nodular shape and 21 (84%) of the normal group showed a permeative shape (P < 0.001). Extent was unilateral in eight (57%) of the recurrence group and bilateral in 16 (64%) of the normal group. Attenuation was similar to that of the spleen and muscle in seven (50%) of the recurrence group and was similar to that of muscle in 18 (72%) of the normal group. The pattern of attenuation was homogeneous in 13 (93%) of the recurrence group and 21 (84%) of the normal group. There was no significant difference in extent, degree and pattern of attenuation between the two groups. Since the second FU-CT examination, soft tissue surrounding the celiac axis was seen to have changed. In one patient in the recurrence group it had a distinct margin, was nodular in shape, unilateral in extent and showed attenuation similar to that of the spleen. In one patient in the normal group, it had changed and had an indistinct margin, three patients showed a decrease in the amount of soft tissue and eight showed decreased attenuation. CONCLUSION: Follow-up abdominal CT is useful in the differentiation of cancer recurrence and postoperative change, and for observing changes in soft tissue surrounding the celiac axis.

MRI Findings of Ovarian Tumors: Differentiation of Benign from Malignant Lesions

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of MRI findings in the differentiation of benign from malignant ovarian lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using MR findings, 29 surgically proven ovarian masses in 22 patients (14 bilateral tumors) were evaluated Twenty-one benign tumors in 16 patients (5 simple cysts, 4 mucinous cystadenomas, 4 serous cystadenomas, 4 endometriomas, 3 cystic teratomas and 1 tuboovarian abscess), and eight malignant tumors in six patients (4 serous papillary cystadenocarcinomas and 4 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas) were included. MRI was performed with SE T1WI, FSE T2WI and Gd-T1WI. MRI findings of lesion size, thickness of wall and of internal septations, number of internal septations, nodularities, and ancillary findings such as adhesion in the pelvic cavity, dissemination, ascites and lymphadenopathy were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Malignant ovarian lesions were larger (18 cm : 11 cm) and had more internal septations, more solid components and nodularities (63 % : 5 %) than benign lesions. On T1WI, cystic lesions, both benign and malignant, showed low signal intensity. Hemorrhage, fat components and mucin containing lesions showed high signals and solid components and nodularities were isointense with muscle on T1WI. Solid components and nodularities were well-enhanced after gadolinium enhancement. Adhesion (50 % : 10 %), dissemination (38 % : 0 %) and ascites (63 % : 24 %) were more frequent in malignant lesions. CONCLUSION: MRI, especially with gadolinium-enhanced T1W1 is useful in the differentiation of benign from malignant ovarian lesions.