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Objectives@#：This study was designed to investigate the effect of sleep quality on depression symptoms and the mediating effect of interpretation bias and anxiety symptoms in psychiatric patients. @*Methods@#：Data accumulated for outpatients and inpatients in the Department of Mental Health Medicine at Hanyang University Guri Hospital were used. The measurement tools were Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Ambiguous/Unambiguous Situations Diary-Extended Version (AUSD-EX), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Correlation analysis and bootstrapping analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS Macro based on 162 patient data. @*Results@#：As a result of the study, the double mediating effect of interpretation bias for Ambiguity and anxiety symptoms was significant in the relationship between sleep quality and depression symptoms. @*Conclusions@#：In this study, it was confirmed that low sleep quality sequentially affects anxiety and depression symptoms through interpretation bias for ambiguity. Based on this, it is expected that the development of other psychiatric symptoms can be prevented by preferentially performing therapeutic intervention on preceding symptoms.
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Objectives@#This study aimed to identify central symptoms of depression in elderly cognitive disorder patients through network analysis. @*Methods@#A total of 222 participants, 61 male and 104 female suffering from a cognitive disorder, participated in the dementia screening test and were given Mini-Mental Status Examination in the Korean Version of the CERAD Assessment Packet or Mini-Mental Status Examination for Dementia Screening and Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-K) at a public health center in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. This study used network analysis to identify the centrality in the symptom network of depression among elderly cognitive disorder patients. @*Results@#Among 30 nodes included in our network analysis, 435 edges were available, and 50 edges had a meaningful relationship. According to the centrality results of the study, we found that GDS-K item 16, “Do you feel depressed and discouraged?” item 3, “Do you feel like you’re living in vain?” and item 15, “Do you enjoy being alive?” were the key symptoms. Also, there was a difference in symptom correlations between cognitive disorder patients and normal participants. @*Conclusion@#The results suggest that depressive mood, discouragement, worthlessness and loss of pleasure should be the priority intervention goals in intervening in depressive symptoms of the elderly with cognitive disabilities.
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Objectives@#：This study aimed to examine the validity scales of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in Predicting premature termination and treatment duration in psychiatric outpatients. @*Methods@#：The MMPI–2 was administered to 202 patients with psychiatric medication, and its data converted to MMPI-2-RF was used for analysis. An independent t-test used to determine whether there was a difference in validity scales between premature termination group and treatment continued group. Then, logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the degree of effect on premature termination. Moreover, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to confirm the relationship between treatment duration and validity scales. @*Results@#：The premature termination group showed higher score in variable response inconsistency (Vrin-r), adjustment validity (K-r) and lower score in infrequent responses (F-r) compared to the treatment continued groups. In logistic regression analysis, however, none of MMPI-2-RF validity scales predicted premature termination. Also, it was found that higher K-r score was associated with shorter treatment duration. @*Conclusion@#：The study showed that the MMPI-2-RF validity scales can predict whether to continue medication and treatment. Therefore, it is expected that more thorough studies of the attitudes toward treatment with respect to the validity scales provides the opportunity to find patients at high risk of premature treatment prior to medication and to strengthen their motivation for treatment, thereby leading to more effective and lasting treatment.
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Objectives@#：The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive and psychological characteristics of patients with military service suitability issues compared to the general psychiatric outpatients. @*Methods@#：108 patients who visited psychiatric clinic center due to military service suitability issues and 80 general psychiatric patients were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry of university hospital. ANCOVA and chi-equare test were used to examine differences between two groups. Furthermore, we utilized paired t-test to compare the scrore within military group depending on when they performed the psychological assessment. @*Results@#：There were no significant differences between military group and general outpatient group in WAIS-IV scores. However, military group scored remarkably higher than control group on validity scales, F-r andFp-r whereas they scored lower on validity scale, K-r. Furthermore, military group showed significantly higher on BDI and MMPI-2-RF, EID, RCd, RC2, RC3, COG, HLP, SFD, NFC, STW, SAVE, SHY, DSF, NEGE-r, INTR-r. As a result of comparison within the military group following the periods of assessment, military group did not show the significant differences on the overall scales of MMPI-2-RF. @*Conclusions@#：The present study showed that military group tends to report their psychological distress more exaggeratedly. In addition, they had significantly elevated not only emotional distress such as depression and anxiety but interpersonal problem. The implications and limitations were discussed along with some suggestions for the future studies.
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Objectives@#：This study investigate to identify the stability of temperament and personality characteristics of patients including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients. @*Methods@#：The number of subjects was 102, of which 33 were PTSD patients and 69 were non-PTSD patients. To demonstrate the change in individual temperament and personality characteristics, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were administered repeatedly on the subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA and simple main effects analysis were conducted. @*Results@#：When analysed by dividing the subjects into PTSD groups and non-PTSD groups, the differences between the primary and secondary tests did not appear in the non-PTSD groups, but the differences between the primary and secondary tests were significant in Harm Avoidance (HA), Reward Dependence (RD), Self-Directedness (SD), Cooperativeness (C). In addition, it was noted that the time and group interaction effects of HA, RD, SD and C were significant, and that the main effects of time of HA, RD, SD and C were significant. @*Conclusions@#：This study is meaningful in that in the course of experience and recovery of traumatic events,we have clinically confirmed that changes in the temperament, known as stable variables, are possible.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#：This study aimed to examine the validity scales of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in Predicting premature termination and treatment duration in psychiatric outpatients. @*Methods@#：The MMPI–2 was administered to 202 patients with psychiatric medication, and its data converted to MMPI-2-RF was used for analysis. An independent t-test used to determine whether there was a difference in validity scales between premature termination group and treatment continued group. Then, logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the degree of effect on premature termination. Moreover, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to confirm the relationship between treatment duration and validity scales. @*Results@#：The premature termination group showed higher score in variable response inconsistency (Vrin-r), adjustment validity (K-r) and lower score in infrequent responses (F-r) compared to the treatment continued groups. In logistic regression analysis, however, none of MMPI-2-RF validity scales predicted premature termination. Also, it was found that higher K-r score was associated with shorter treatment duration. @*Conclusion@#：The study showed that the MMPI-2-RF validity scales can predict whether to continue medication and treatment. Therefore, it is expected that more thorough studies of the attitudes toward treatment with respect to the validity scales provides the opportunity to find patients at high risk of premature treatment prior to medication and to strengthen their motivation for treatment, thereby leading to more effective and lasting treatment.
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Objectives@#：The purpose of this study was to explore comparison of clinical characteristics among Anxiety disorder, Depressive disorder, and Co-morbid of Anxiety disorder and Depressive disorder. @*Methods@#：Since January, 2017 to May, 2019, patients were recruited from the department of psychiatry of Hanyang University Guri Hospital. Participants were diagnosed Anxiety disorder, Depressive disorder, and Co-morbid of Anxiety disorder and Depressive disorder using DSM-5 criteria by board certified psychiatrists or clinical psychologists. And each of participants tested with MMPI-2 and clinical psychologists were converted MMPI-2 to MMPI-2-RF. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. @*Results@#：The results indicated EID, RC2, HLP, SAV, and INTR-r were the highest in Co-morbid of Anxiety disorder and Depressive disorder group. And BXD, RC4, JCP, and AGGR-r were the highest in Depressive disorder group. @*Conclusions@#：The results indicated that Co-morbid of Anxiety disorder and Depressive disorder group were more severe internalizing dysfunction like lower positive emotion, helplessness, social avoidance and discomfort than single-diagnosed group. Single Depressive disorder group were more serious externalizing dysfunction like anger and aggression than single Anxiety disorder and Co-morbid of Anxiety disorder and Depressive disorder. The implications and limitations were discussed.
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Objectives@#：The purpose of this study was to examine whether the MMPI-2-RF serves as a useful tool to differentiate between the subtypes of high risk of suicide among psychiatric outpatients. @*Methods@#：Patients were recruited from the department of psychiatry of university hospital. Participants were diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria by board certified psychiatrists. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. And participants were put into 4 groups (Suicide ideation, Suicide attempt, Non-suicidal self-injury, and general psychiatric diagnosis as a control group). For statistical comparison, the MANCOVA with gender as a covariate was used. @*Results@#：The results indicated that as previous research with non-clinical sample suggested, psychiatric outpatients with high suicide risk also have significantly higher Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction, Helplessness/ Hopelessness, Suicidal/Death Ideation, Demoralization, Cognitive complaints, Cynicism, Dysfunctional negative thoughts than general psychiatric patients group. But group differences within the high suicide risk patients have not been observed. However, suicide attempt group and NSSI group has higher Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction, RC4, AGG than general psychiatric patients group. But there was no difference between suicidal idea group and general psychiatric patients group. @*Conclusions@#：There was no group difference observed between all three subtypes, which mean the MMPI- 2-RF may not be the useful diagnostic tool to navigate high suicide risk subtypes. Even though there was no difference observed in the suicide ideation group, suicide attempt group and NSSI group have higher aggression and externalization. So those indexes could serve as a useful marker to investigate riskiness of suicide related symptoms.
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Methods@#Patients were recruited from the department of psychiatry at a university hospital.Participants were diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria by board certified psychiatrists. Their medical records were reviewed, and participants were put into three groups (Depression with suicide attempt, Depression with suicide ideation, and Normal as a control group). For statistical comparison, MANCOVA with gender as a covariate was used. @*Results@#Similar to pervious research, the two Depression groups with high suicide risk showed significantly higher Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction, Negative Emotionally/Neuroticism-Revised, Demoralization, Dysfunctional Negative Emotions, Suicidal/Death Ideation, Helplessness/ Hopelessness, Self-Doubt, Stress/Worry, and Cognitive complaints than the normal group. In the Depression with suicide attempt group, Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction scales were significantly higher than the Depression with suicide ideation group. @*Conclusion@#The results show the significant prediction of MMPI-2-RF scales for suicide risk.Severity of mental pain (EID) and impulsive acting-out tendency of mental pain (BXD) were identified as important psychological characteristics of depression patients with suicide risk. The limitations of this study and suggested directions for future research are also discussed.
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Objectives@#：The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive and psychological characteristics of patients with military service suitability issues compared to the general psychiatric outpatients. @*Methods@#：108 patients who visited psychiatric clinic center due to military service suitability issues and 80 general psychiatric patients were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry of university hospital. ANCOVA and chi-equare test were used to examine differences between two groups. Furthermore, we utilized paired t-test to compare the scrore within military group depending on when they performed the psychological assessment. @*Results@#：There were no significant differences between military group and general outpatient group in WAIS-IV scores. However, military group scored remarkably higher than control group on validity scales, F-r andFp-r whereas they scored lower on validity scale, K-r. Furthermore, military group showed significantly higher on BDI and MMPI-2-RF, EID, RCd, RC2, RC3, COG, HLP, SFD, NFC, STW, SAVE, SHY, DSF, NEGE-r, INTR-r. As a result of comparison within the military group following the periods of assessment, military group did not show the significant differences on the overall scales of MMPI-2-RF. @*Conclusions@#：The present study showed that military group tends to report their psychological distress more exaggeratedly. In addition, they had significantly elevated not only emotional distress such as depression and anxiety but interpersonal problem. The implications and limitations were discussed along with some suggestions for the future studies.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#：This study investigate to identify the stability of temperament and personality characteristics of patients including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients. @*Methods@#：The number of subjects was 102, of which 33 were PTSD patients and 69 were non-PTSD patients. To demonstrate the change in individual temperament and personality characteristics, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were administered repeatedly on the subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA and simple main effects analysis were conducted. @*Results@#：When analysed by dividing the subjects into PTSD groups and non-PTSD groups, the differences between the primary and secondary tests did not appear in the non-PTSD groups, but the differences between the primary and secondary tests were significant in Harm Avoidance (HA), Reward Dependence (RD), Self-Directedness (SD), Cooperativeness (C). In addition, it was noted that the time and group interaction effects of HA, RD, SD and C were significant, and that the main effects of time of HA, RD, SD and C were significant. @*Conclusions@#：This study is meaningful in that in the course of experience and recovery of traumatic events,we have clinically confirmed that changes in the temperament, known as stable variables, are possible.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive and psychological characteristics of patients who visited psychiatric outpatient clinic with military service suitability issues.@*METHODS@#Since January, 2017 to September, 2018, patients were recruited from the department of psychiatry of university hospital. Participants were diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria by board certified psychiatrists. And each of participants tested with K-WAIS-IV, K-SCL-95 by clinical psychologist. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0.@*RESULTS@#The results indicated 24.6% of the patients have significantly low level of intellectual functioning. and 10.8% of the patients have borderline level of intellectual functioning, and 26.3% of them were below average. The results of psychological characteristics showed patients have cautious and potentially dangerous level of depression, anxiety, agoraphobia, and suicidal idea. And PTSD subscale's mean score was above problematic level. Next, we divided patients into two groups based on question of whether the patient is eligible to serve in the military service or not arises from recruitment process or army training center. But two group didn't differ significantly. And for further analyses, we also divided patients into two groups based on if they got single psychiatric diagnosis or more than one psychiatric diagnosis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results indicated that group which has coexisting psychiatric disorders were more depressed, had higher level of anger and aggression, and had more serious levels of suicidal ideas than single psychiatric diagnosis group. The implications and limitations were discussed along with some suggestions for the future studies.