ABSTRACT
Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a histiocytic proliferative tumor that predominantly affects infants and young children. It is classified as a benign disease that comprises the majority of non-Langerhans cell histiocytes and is characterized by reddish-brown or yellow papules and nodules commonly found on the face and trunk. Although JXG presents with distinct clinical features, an exceedingly uncommon subset of JXG includes lesions that surpass 20 mm in diameter, referred to as giant JXG, which can occasionally be misdiagnosed as other tumors. Herein, we report a rare case of a giant JXG in a 1-month-old Korean boy, highlighting the significance of accurate diagnoses. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive literature review to enhance our understanding of this rare variant.
ABSTRACT
Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common form of panniculitis and may be triggered by a variety of stimuli, including infections, drugs, pregnancy, sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and malignancies. Rare cases of vaccination-related EN have been reported, but none due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine of Pfizer have been documented. We report a case of EN associated with the Pfizer vaccine. A 43-year-old woman presented with acute-onset painful nodular lesions that appeared bilaterally on the extensor surface of the lower legs. These lesions appeared 5 days after the first dose of Pfizer vaccination. The patient reported no recent infectious history other than fever for 3 days after vaccination. Skin biopsy revealed inflammation extending into the subcutaneous fat with a septal distribution. It is important for physicians to be aware of the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine because more people are bound to be vaccinated.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are potentially fatal acute hypersensitivity reactions that involve the skin and mucous membranes. Because they are relatively rare diseases, it is difficult to obtain well-organized epidemiological data. The clinicodemographic characteristics, culprit drugs, and factors related to disease prognosis may vary. @*Objective@#To identify the characteristics of SJS/TEN by investigating patient clinicopathological characteristics, laboratory findings, suspected drugs, and mortality through a retrospective study using medical record data. @*Methods@#The clinical records of patients diagnosed with SJS/TEN between February 2009 and February 2019 at three medical institutions of Soonchunhyang University were retrospectively reviewed. Data pertaining to sex, age, history, suspected drugs, latent period, laboratory findings, and mortality were collected, and their correlations were analyzed. @*Results@#We identified SJS/TEN in 88 patients. Among the probable causative agents, antibiotics were the most common (29 cases, 33.0%), followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in 20 cases (22.7%). The period between drug administration and symptom onset varied with the causative agent. Patients who died had high SCORTEN scores. In addition, hypertension, diabetes, renal failure, and cardiac disease had a statistically significant association with high SCORTEN. @*Conclusion@#Antibiotics, NSAIDs, antiepileptics and allopurinol were the most commonly implicated drugs in our retrospective study. There was a significant correlation between comorbidities. Because SJS/TEN is a life-threatening condition, early recognition of the suspected drug are important. The results of this study may provide insights that aid in the early diagnosis and prediction of disease outcomes of SJS/TEN in the Korean population.
ABSTRACT
no abstract available.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are potentially fatal acute hypersensitivity reactions that involve the skin and mucous membranes. Because they are relatively rare diseases, it is difficult to obtain well-organized epidemiological data. The clinicodemographic characteristics, culprit drugs, and factors related to disease prognosis may vary. @*Objective@#To identify the characteristics of SJS/TEN by investigating patient clinicopathological characteristics, laboratory findings, suspected drugs, and mortality through a retrospective study using medical record data. @*Methods@#The clinical records of patients diagnosed with SJS/TEN between February 2009 and February 2019 at three medical institutions of Soonchunhyang University were retrospectively reviewed. Data pertaining to sex, age, history, suspected drugs, latent period, laboratory findings, and mortality were collected, and their correlations were analyzed. @*Results@#We identified SJS/TEN in 88 patients. Among the probable causative agents, antibiotics were the most common (29 cases, 33.0%), followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in 20 cases (22.7%). The period between drug administration and symptom onset varied with the causative agent. Patients who died had high SCORTEN scores. In addition, hypertension, diabetes, renal failure, and cardiac disease had a statistically significant association with high SCORTEN. @*Conclusion@#Antibiotics, NSAIDs, antiepileptics and allopurinol were the most commonly implicated drugs in our retrospective study. There was a significant correlation between comorbidities. Because SJS/TEN is a life-threatening condition, early recognition of the suspected drug are important. The results of this study may provide insights that aid in the early diagnosis and prediction of disease outcomes of SJS/TEN in the Korean population.
ABSTRACT
Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a drug-induced disorder that may appear as patches or bullae. It recurs at the same sites as those involved in exposure to the same drug (causative drug). We encountered two cases of generalized FDE, and both patients had a history of diclofenac exposure before the onset of skin lesions. In the first case, an 82-year-old female patient presented with multiple erythematous patches on the trunk and lower extremities. In the second case, a 71-year-old male patient developed multiple bullae on violaceous patches on the trunk and extremities. The findings of histopathologic examinations were indicative of the diagnosis of FDEs. Although diclofenac is commonly used as a non-steroidal inflammatory drug, diclofenac-induced generalized FDE occurs rarely and has not been reported in Korea. With reuse of causative drugs, the size and number of lesions tend to increase. Therefore, early diagnosis of FDE is important, and avoidance of repeated exposure to drugs should be educated.
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No abstract available.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Various Q-switched (QS) lasers, such as ruby, alexandrite or neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) lasers, are used to remove tattoos and permanent makeup. To our knowledge, there has been no indication or guideline published for the optimal time for laser-mediated tattoo removal. OBJECTIVE: To set a guideline for the optimal irradiation time for tattoo and permanent makeup removal via 1064 nm QS Nd:YAG (QSND) laser, we compared the degree of tattoo removal and skin histologic changes when the irradiation was employed at different time points. METHODS: Rat skin was marked with 54 artificial permanent makeup marks with black ink using a permanent makeup machine. The marks were irradiated with a 1064 nm QSND laser on the application day, and 3 days, 5 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after application. Pigmentation changes were checked over time using a Mexameter(R) and skin biopsy. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the degree of pigment removal as examined by Mexameter(R) on the day of makeup application compared to 3 days, 5 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after application. Histopathologically, the permanent makeup pigments seemed to move from epidermis to superficial and mid dermis with time. The pigments were relatively well removed throughout the epidermis and dermis when the laser was employed 7 days after tattoo application, compared to laser irradiation on the day of application, as viewed histologically. CONCLUSION: Laser removal of permanent makeup is effective on the day of application, as determined by testing pigment levels. However, based on histopathology, it is recommended to use lasers to remove permanent makeup about a week after application, since the wound repair process is almost complete at that time.