Validation of an electrometric blood cholinesterase measurement in goats

A modified electrometric method was described and validated for measurement of plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities in 6~18 months old goats. The enzymatic reaction mixture contained 3 ml distilled water, 3 ml barbital-phosphate buffer (pH 8.1), 0.2 ml plasma or erythrocytes and 0.1 ml acetylthiocholine iodide (7.5%) as a substrate. The mixture was incubated at 37 degrees C for 40 minutes. The pH of the reaction mixture was determined by a pH meter before and after the incubation. The initial pH was measured before the substrate addition. The enzyme activity was expressed as deltapH/40 min. The coefficients of variation of the described method in measuring plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities were 4 and 2%, respectively. Preliminary reference values (n = 14) of the mean cholinesterase activity (deltapH/40 min) and 95% confidence interval in the plasma were 0.194 and 0.184~ 0.204, respectively, and those of the erythrocytes were 0.416 and 0.396~0.436, respectively. The pseudocholinesterase activity of the plasma cholinesterase was 63.5% as determined by quinidine sulfate inhibition. The organophosphorus insecticides dichlorvos and diazinon at 0.5~4 micrometer and the carbamate insecticide carbaryl at 5~20 micrometer in the reaction mixture significantly inhibited plasma (13.7~85.5%) and erythrocyte (16.4~71.9%) cholinesterases in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The results suggest that the described electrometric method is simple, precise and efficient in measuring blood cholinesterase activity in goats.

stability of ciproflox 0.3 Percentage eye drops

Ciprofloxacin is the drug of choice for the treatment of diseases caused by gram-negative bacilli. The stability of the prepared ciprofloxacin 0.3% eye drops was studied at 4, 25, 40, and 60CC for 120 days and the calculated expiration date of the preparation on was approximately 2 years

Bioavailability and bioequivalency study of two formulations of ciprofloxacin tablet

The bioavailabiity and related pharmacokinetics of a single dose 500 mg tablet of ciprofloxacin as a test product [Ciprosam] and a reference [Tyflox] one were determined in 18 healthy male volunteers. The study was a randomized design with one-week wash out period between the doses. Ciprofloxacin concentration in the serum was determined by an HPLC method with UV detector. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference products were as follows: t1/2abs [h]: 0.89,0.57; ka [h-1] 0.844, 1.329; tl/2 el [h]: 7.15, 6.90; kel [h-1] 115: 0.100, 0.103; Cmax [micro g/ml]: 0.82, 0.85; Tmax [h]: 3.9, 1.7; MRT [h]: 11.6, 10.7; AUC [micro g/ml.-h]: 10.9, 9.6. The mean relative bioavailability of the test product was 114%. Both products were well tolerated by the patients without side effects. The serum profiles for ciprofloxacin in the test and reference products, the AUC and relative bioavailability, Cmax, MRT, kel and tlI2el indicated comparable bioavailabiity and related pharmacokinetics between the test and reference products

Reduction of some organophosphate insecticides toxicity in mice by diphenhydramine [Research Note].

The effect of the antihistamine diphenhydramine on the toxicity of some organiphosphate insecticides was determined in female mice. The LD50 values of diazinon, methidathion, malathion and fenitrothion were 76, 10.5, 650 and 917 mg/kg of female mice, orally, respectively. Diphenhydramine [20 mg/kg] injected subcutaneously 5 minutes after dosing mice with these insecticides markedly increased their LD[50] values by 71, 114, 62 and 25%, respectively. The results suggested the usefulness of diphenhydramine in reducing the toxicity of organophosphate insecticides