Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in the Northern Iran [2010]

Background and Objective: Pregnancy can not only protect mothers against intimate partner violence but even it may increase the rate and severity of intimate partner violence. This study was done to determine the intimate partner violence during pregnancy in the Northern Iran. Method: This cross-sectional - analytical study was done on 1500 mothers whom attended the primary health centers of Maz and aran province, Northern Iran from Feb to Sep 2010. Mothers screened using modified st and ard world health organization intimate partner violence questionnaire via interview. The questionnaire included physical, emotional and sexual intimate partner violence. Intimate partner violence was categorized to severe, moderate and mild. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictor of intimate partner violence. Results: The most common intimate partner violence was restriction of mothers in terms of money, food, and clothing [88.8%]. The prevalence of physical, psychological and sexual intimate partner violence was 14.1%, 69.9% and 10.8%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio for physical intimate partner violence in mothers with low education and low socio-economic status were significantly higher in those mothers with high education and fair socio-economic status [P<0.05]. Conclusion: Mild psychological intimate partner violence is prevalent in Maz and ran province, North of Iran

Comparison of laparoscopy-assisted hysterectomies with conventional hysterectomies

To compare operative and early postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy [LAVH] and laparoscopy assisted supracervical hysterectomy [LASH] with conventional hysterectomy by laparotomy or vaginally, including patients undergoing total or subtotal hysterectomy for benign gynecologic disease. Three different methods of hysterectomies: laparoscopic, vaginal, and abdominal, were compared at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, including all patients with indication of uterus removal for benign uterine disease from January 2005 to December 2007. The regional medical research ethics committee approved the study. A total of 288 hysterectomies were performed: 165 [57.3%] abdominal hysterectomy, 85 [29.5%] vaginal hysterectomy, and 38 [13.2%] laparoscopic-assisted hysterectomy. Laparoscopy assisted hysterectomy [LAVH, LASH] was associated with significantly lower early postoperative pain scores and complication rates, less blood loss, short hospital stay, and resulted in lower hospital charge with reusable devices statistically [p=0.03]. Laparoscopy is preferred to abdominal hysterectomy by laparotomy and to vaginal hysterectomy. Though vaginal hysterectomy had less complications and rapid recovery and patient satisfaction as compared with abdominal, but it was limited for multiparous patients with some degree of pelvic organ prolapse

[Neonatal survival rate and its related causes in NICU of private and governmental hospitals in Sari by survival analysis technique during 2005-2007]

Many children younger than 1 year old [about 4/000/000] are dying annually around the world, that three quarters of this mortality is related to neonatal period [4 weeks after birth]. Several factors such as environmental conditions, social and genetic factors are causes of decreasing neonatal mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the neonatal survival rate and its related causes in NICU of private and governmental hospitals in Sari. This survival analysis was a descriptive study of 500 neonates who were admitted into NICU of private and governmental hospitals [Booali Sina, Nimeyeh Shaban, Amir-Mazandarani, and Shafa Hospitals] in Sari during 2005 to 2007. Data was gathered by using Self-making Informational Form [validity and availability was confirmed by content validity and alpha- kronbach]. Information were obtained by interview with mothers, study of patient's chart, observation of the neonates, or phone interviews, after being discharged from the hospital. Statistical analysis of data was done by using Kaplan-Mayer survival analysis technique, and survival tables. Furthermore, risk factors were determined by logistic regression. Three-hundred twenty six neonates [65.2%] were the first rank of birth. Sixty-three mothers [12.6%] experienced previous neonatal mortality. 217 of mothers [43.4%] were illiterate and 85 [17%] had diplomas or higher education. 119 neonates [23.85] died within 28 days of life. There was a relationship between higher education level of mothers, polyhydraminous [over production of amniotic fluid according to sonography report], and delivery method, neonatal weight at birth, congenital anomalies, and neonatal survival rate. Eighty-seven expired neonates [73.1%] had birth weight lower than 2500gr, and 21 [16.8%] had gestational age lower than 36 weeks. The survival rate was higher among neonates within 21 and 22 days of life. The mortality rate among neonates with 2 to 3 days of life was higher than the other age group. We have not achieved adequate success in comparison with other developed countries in the improvement of neonatal survival rate during low gestational age. On the other hand, the physical and cognitive abilities of neonates were not evaluated in this study. We recommend further studies with more samples for assessment regarding survival rate of the neonates without disability

[Effect of methanolic extracts of Artemisia aucheri Boiss, Zataria multiflora Boiss and Myrtus communis L. on Trichomonas vaginalis [In Vitro]]

Considering the high prevalence of Tricomonas vaginalis [TV] in women and the known side effects of metronidazol, herbal drug therapy in order to reduce drug side effects has been considered increasingly in recent decades. This study was done to determine the effect of Artemisia aucheri Boiss, Zataria multiflora Boiss and Myrtus communis L. on Trichomonas vaginalis. This study was done on samples extracted from 100 patients with vaginitis due to Trichomona. The parasite was isolated from vagina and determined directly. Identification was done through direct smear preparation. Parasite was added to the 5 test tubes containing Dorse medium, metronidazole. dimethyl sulfoxaide [DMSO], Artemisia, Zataria and Myrtus extraction with concentration of 0.1, 0.01 ml in order to determine the effect of these concentrations within 72 hours. Trichomonas could be alived in Dorse medium for 72 hours, in presence of metronidazole for one hour and in Dorse medium for 6 hours. Also, methonolic extracts of Artemisia are effective at concentration of 0.1 after one hour and 0,01 after 4 hours of the inoculation. Methanolic extracts of Zataria at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01 and the Myrtus extract at concentration of 0.1 are effective at beginning of inoculation but the Myrtus extract at concentration of 0.01 is effective after one hour. Considering the acceptable effect of methanolic extracts of these plants on trichomonas in in-vitro conditions, it is recommended that, the therapeutic effects of the substances from these plants to be studied in in vivo conditions and in case of having positive effect to be used as a drug

[Effect of Methanolic Essence and Extract of Myrtus Communis on Trichomonas Vaginalis]

Introduction: considering the high prevalence of Tricomonas vaginalis [TV] in women and the known side effects of Metronidazol, the focus has been concentrated on herbal therapy in order to reduce drug side- effects in the recent decades

Objective: to determine of M.communis effect on Trichmonas Vaginalis infection

Materials and Methods: this study has been carried out as double blind in test and control groups. Methanolic extraction was performed by percolation and essential oil prepared by hydrodistillation. The parasite was isolated from vagina and determined directly. Samples were collected from vaginal discharges. Identification were done through direct smear preparation. Parasite was added to the 5 test tubes containing Drosse medium, metronidazole, Dimethyl sulfoxaide [DMSO] myrtus extraction with concentration of [0.1, 0.01 ml and essential oil with concentrations of [0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.004, 0.0002 and 0.0001] in order to determine the effect of these concentrations within 72 hours

Results: findings suggested that Trichomonas could be alive in Drosse medium for 72 hours, in presence of Metronidazole for one hour and in Drosse medium for 6 hours. Also, the results revealed that methanolic extract at concentrations of 0.1 and 0,01 and essential oil at concentrations of 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0.0004 were effective at the beginning of the inoculation and at concentrations of 0.0002 and 0.0001 after 2 and 9 hours respectively

Conclusion: considering the significant effect of essential oil and methanolic extract of M.communis on Trichomonas in-vitro condition, it is recommended that the therapeutic effects of the substance from this plant be studied in- vitro condition and if having positive effect, to be used as a drug