ABSTRACT
Background: Considering the high number of cataract surgery and the posterior capsular opacity as its complication which needs laser capsulotomy and also the rising of intraocular pressure [IOP] after such surgeries, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of apraclonidine and timolol separately in decreasing IOP after laser capsulotomy in Matini hospital of Kashan during 2010-11
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 200 eyes of patients with posterior capsular opacity were randomly divided into two groups and each group treated by timolol or apraclonidine before YAG laser capsulotomy. Then, the tonometer was used to record the intraocular pressure, 1 hour before, 6 and 24 hours after the capsulotomy
Results: One-hundred forty [70%] of the patients were women and 60 [30%] men. The interaction between the two drugs and time was not significant [P=0.104]. There was no significant difference between the two groups for mean IOP at any time. [P=0.738]. Therefore, apraclonidine and timolol are similar in their effects on reducing IOP after laser capsulotomy. In addition, mean IOP in three consecutive measurements were significantly different [P=0.001]. Moreover, the differences between paired comparisons of time were also significant in all three measurements
Conclusion: The efficacy of apraclonidine in reducing IOP in patients underwent the posterior capsulotomy is established and it is similar to timolol in mechanism
ABSTRACT
Abnormal uterine bleeding [AUB] is a common and serious problem in women of late reproductive age and an indication for endometrial biopsy as an invasive method. On assessing AUB, in some cases, even with the observation of normal thicker endometrium in ultrasonography, abnormal biopsy is reported. Thus, this study was carried out to assess the role of measuring endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasonography as a screening tool for premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. In this diagnostic study, 154 premenopausal women with AUB referred to Naghavi Clinic of Kashan University of medical sciences during 2010-11. Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed to assess endometrial thickness before the Pipelle endometrial biopsy at the first day of menstruation. The biopsies were then sent to a pathologist unaware of the results of transvaginal ultrasonography and finally, the Roc curve was utilized to determine the best cut-point. Forty-eight out of 154 cases [31.2%] had abnormal endometrium [hyperplasia 23.2%; polyps 3.9%; and asynchronous 3.9%]. The reported thickness of endometrium with the sensitiveity and specificity of 76.2% and 41.1% [PPV=33.6%, NPV=82.1%, LR+=1.29 and LR- =0.58] was 7 mm. Although endometrial thickness of
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis , Premenopause , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Endometrial Hyperplasia , Uterine Hemorrhage , Endometrium/pathologyABSTRACT
Background: The aim of family planning is to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Using safe and effective contraceptive methods is necessary to achieve this goal. This study was conducted to determine the most causes of high application of unsafe contraception methods in Kashan city using a regression model
Materials and Methods: In a case control study 261 married women referring to health centers and using unsafe contraceptive methods [condom and withdrawal] were selected randomly. Also 261 women using safe methods [hormonal, ligation and intrauterine device] were selected as control group. Using multistage [cluster and simple random] sampling we collected data including age, job, educational level of women and their spouse, marriage duration, number of children, age of the last child and satisfaction about gender of children. The data were analyzed using Chi square and t-Student test in univariate step and then binary logistic regression at multivariate model
Results: women's job and level of education, men's age and level of education, duration of marriage and number of children were statistically associated with unsafe contraception application. In the final regression model, women's job [OR=2.241] and age [OR=1.725], duration of marriage [OR=1.074], number of children [OR=0.341] and age of the last child [OR=1.544] were the most important determinants of unsafe contraception
Conclusion: To decrease the application of unsafe methods it is suggested that educational programs should be reinforced for women who have a job, less than 3 children, longer marriage and are older than 35 years old and their last child is older
ABSTRACT
Due to its high prevalence, the survey on gastric cancer survival in Iran seems too important. In the case of relative long-term survival of the cases, using standard models is not conventional. So cure models are used to estimate the proportion of the cured patients that will never experience the event of interest and also to evaluate the survival function of susceptible individuals who may experience the event and effective factors. This study was carried out to determine the five-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients who have undergone surgical treatment. Three hundred and thirty gastric cancer operated patients with a maximum 10-year survival were enrolled in the study. The patients' life expectancy after surgery and cure fraction and their relationships with some variables were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier and Weibull Cure models were utilized for analyses. The five-year survival rate and the median life expectancy were 24% and 19.9 months, respectively. Univariate analysis using the Weibull model showed that age, existence/site of metastasis and stage of disease influenced on the probability of curing [P<0.05]. On assessing the simultaneous effect of different variables the age and stage of disease proved to be effective on curing [P<0.05], but none of the variables affected the life expectancy of patients [P>0.05]. Using the cure models is beneficial in situations which the population under study suggests the presence of subpopulation. The cure/immune model methodology may separeltery identify the sets of covariates related to the cured proportion and also the failure time distribution of uncured one