Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from flower and leaves of Lagochilus kotschyanus boiss: a new species from Iran

The genus Lagochilus, family Lamiaceae consists of 44 species, 33 of which grow in central Asia. Only one report on the analysis of essential oil of Lagochilus species has been published. Aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the hydrodistilled oil of flower and leaves of Lagochilus kotschyanus Boiss. of Iranian origin for the first time. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the flower and leaves of L. kotschyanus were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The antimicrobial activities were determined by measuring the growth inhibitory zones [well diffusion assay]. The major constituents of the flower and leaf oils appeared to be myrcene [28.2% and 36.6%], alpha-pinene [25.9% and 29.8%] and beta-caryophyllene [10.3% and 9.4%], respectively. In L. kotschyanus we identified 34 components representing 95.2% and 18 constituents representing 96.3% of the flower and leaf oils, respectively. Both oils were rich in regard to monoterpene hydrocarbons [72.7% and 79.7%] respectively. The sesquiterpene fraction was relatively small, representing 19.4% and 14.1%, respectively. Antibacterial activity was measured using the growth inhibitory zones. It was found that oil from leaves and flowers of L. kotschyanas, and especially that of flowers, exhibited interesting antibacterial activity

[Research of change of tropane alkaloids quantities in different stages of growth of Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. in natural condition and assessment of suger and elements changes on biosynthesis of these alkaloids in In vitro]

Hyoscyamus reticudatus from Solanaceae is an important pharmacological plant which contains tropane alkaloids. Presence of tropane alkaloids in this plant is investigated by HPLC apparatus. Different parts of plant including root, stem, leaf, flower and seed in different phases of vegetative growth [two leaves, five leaves, ten leaves], flowering, full flowering and fruiting have been prepared for this experiment. In roots and stems, the highest amount of hyoscyamine and scopolamine are found in vegetative phase with ten rosete leaves and in first stage of flowering phase, respectively. In leaves, the highst quantity of hyoscyamine and scopolamine are in full flowering phase. The flowers have the most amount of scopolamine and hyoscyamine. In fruiting phase, the green and immature seeds in comparison with the mature and brown seeds have more hyoscyamine and scopolamine. In all of these considerated phases, the rate of hyoscyamine production is higher than scopolamine. In vitro culture of Hyoscyamus reticulatus plant was carried out on B5 medium including 2 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l 6-BAP. Explants were supplied from culturing of root, hypocotyl and leaf of sterile seedlings which were growing in B5 medium free hormone. The effect of different environmental factors on tropane alkaloids production were examined by changing the quantity of sucrose, calcium, nitrate and phosphate in B5 medium