Effect of modarate period of progressive anaerobic training on serum level of super oxide dismutase and Catalase in female rats

Background and Objective: Different physical activities affect on anti-oxidative system, Varity, period and intensity of activities are necessary in health improvement. This study was carried out to determine the effect of medium period of progressive anaerobic training on serum level of superoxide dismutase and Catalase in female rats

Methods: In this experimental study, 30 female rats were randomly allocated into control and anaerobic training groups. The training program lasted for 8 weeks with control [without activity] and anaerobic including 3 sessions in a week with speed of 24-30 meters per minute in slope range [515] for 30 seconds

Results: Serum level of superoxide dismutase was significantly increased in progressive anaerobic training group [109.1 +/- 17.3 U/ml] in compare to controls [98.8 +/- 12.8 U/ml] [P<0.05]. Serum level of Catalase was 51.2 +/- 7.2 and 48.4+/-4.2 U/ml in control and progressive anaerobic training, respectively. This difference was not significant

Conclusion: The medium period of progressive anaerobic training influences serum level of superoxide dismutase and Catalase in female rats

[ effect of 12 weeks aerobic exercise on levels of aplin-12 plasma and blood pressure in hypertensive middle-aged women]

Introduction: Adipose tissue secretes many adipokines, including chemerin, visfatin, and apelin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise on plasma levels of apelin and blood pressure in hypertensive middle-aged women

Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 elderly hypertensive women were selected and randomly divided into two groups, the control and experimental. The training program included aerobic exercises conducted, 3 times a week, for 12 weeks. Blood samples and blood pressure measurements of participants were obtained both before starting the exercise training and again 24 hours after the last training session. Data was evaluated by using the dependent and independent t-test for comparisons within groups and between groups, with significance level set at p_0.05

Results: After 12 weeks of aerobic exercise, decline in serum levels of Apelin [p=0.03], and systolic blood pressure [p=0.001] were observed in the experimental group, whereas no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure [p=0.12] was seen. In the control group however no significant changes in serum levels of apelin [p=0.50], systolic blood pressure [p=0.20] and diastolic blood pressure [p=0.40] occurred

Conclusion: The results showed that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise, caused a decreasing trend in levels of plasma apelin and systolic blood pressure, thereby lowering blood pressure of patients hypertensive

[Effect of aerobic exercise and alpha lipoic acid supplement on insulin resistance in females with type 2 diabetes]

Background and Objective: Alpha lipoic acid [ALA] is a powerful biological antioxidant which is involved in metabolism and energy production as a co-factor in mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme complex. This study was done to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise and alpha lipoic acid supplement on insulin resistance in females with type 2 diabetes

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 44 females with type 2 diabetes divided into four groups including: control, supplementation, training and supplementation + training groups. Patients of supplementation and complex [supplementation + training] groups took three 100mg ALA capsules per day for eight weeks. The training program consisted of 8 weeks and three sessions per week. In each session, the subjects warmed up for 10-15 minutes, ran on a treadmill with the intensity of 40-50% of maximum heart rate for 30 minutes and then cooled down for 5-10 minutes. Blood samples were taken after 12-14 hours fasting in two stages - the beginning and the end of the eighth week

Results: Eight weeks of taking ALA supplements significantly reduced patients' insulin resistance [P<0.05]. Eight weeks of running on a treadmill with an intensity of 40-50% of maximum heart rate nonsignificantly reduced insulin resistance in the training group compared to the controls. In the supplementation + training group a significant reduction of insulin resistance was observed [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Alpha lipoic acid supplementation reduces insulin and insulin resistance. While, reduction in fasting blood glucose level causes reduction in insulin resistance in the combination of supplementation and training

[Effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise on plasma level of agouti-related protein, glycated hemoglobin and glucose in non-active type II diabetic women]

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the most common type of metabolic diseases which is characterized with hyperglycemia due to implicit or relative insulin deficiency. Diabetes mellitus is acutely related to obesity. Agouti-related protein [AGRP] has 132 amino acids and increases appetite in humans. This study was done to determine the effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise on plasma level of agouti-related protein, glycated hemoglobin and glucose in non-active type II diabetic women

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 female diabetic patients were divided into exercise and control groups. The training program was performed 3 sessions a week in course of 8 weeks, each session was last for 60 minutes, and the controls did not have any exercise. The plasma level of agouti-related protein, glycated hemoglobin and glucose were measured

Results: There was no significant alteration in the level of AGRP, HbA1c and glucose in either exercise or control groups. There was no significant relation between AGRP with glucose, AGRP with HbA1c and HbA1c with glucose in the exercise and control groups

Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic exercise is not enough for making any changes on plasma level of AGRP, HbA1c and glucose in non-active type II diabetic women

[Effect of short and medium periods of high intensities aerobic training on serum level of superoxide dismutase and Catalase enzymes in rats]

Physical activities affect on antioxidative pathway. Varity, period and intensity of activities are important in health improvement. This study was carried out to determine the effect of short and medium periods of high intensities aerobic training on serum level of superoxide dismutase [SOD] and Catalase [CAT] enzymes in female rats. In this experimental study, 45 Sprague Dawley female rats were randomly allocated into control, short [4 weeks] and medium [8 weeks] of high intensities aerobic training groups. The exercise program was performed on 5 session in each week with speed of 10-17 meters per minute in slope range [5

[Effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of visfatin and TNF- alpha in non-athletic young women]

There are controversial reports about the effect of training on serum level of visfatin and TNF- alpha Cytokine .This study was done to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of visfatin and TNF- alpha in non-athletic young women. In this quasi-experimental study, thirty non-athletic healthy women were non-randomly based on the weight, height, BMI index and body fat percentage divided into two control and training groups. In the training group 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on a stationary bicycle 3 times a week was performed. Serum level of visfatin and TNF- alpha was measured using ELISA method, prior and at the end of 8th week of training while the subjects were fasted for 12-14 hours. At the end of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise, serum level of visfatin and TNF- alpha significantly reduced in the training group in comparison with controls [P<0.05]. Eight weeks of aerobic training reduces visfatin and TNF- alpha serum level in non-athletic healthy women

[ effect of aerobic training on the amount of GFR and excreted of creatinine in patients with chronic kidney]

The main characteristic of kidney disease is the decrease in Glomerular filtration Rate [GFR]. Physical exercise seems to influence GFR and the operation of kidney. The study has been conducted to determine the effect of eight weeks running on treadmills on the amount of GFR and another factor of operation of kidney of patients with chronic renal. Twenty seven subjects were chosen among male patients with chronic renal who had gone to kidney disease clinics. Before the beginning of the exercise period, blood test and 24 hour urine samples were taken and the amounts of the GFR were calculated using the Creatinine Clearance. An exercising program was given to the empirical group including eight weeks running on treadmills with the intensity of 50-80% maximal heart rate, which was practiced thrice a week, each session lasting 30-40 minutes. After the end of the exercising period, blood and urine tests were taken from both control and experimental groups under the same condition. Meaningful differences was perceived in the amount of GFR between control and empirical groups after 8 Week Running on Treadmills [P= 0.03]. There was also a significant difference between excreted creatinine of the 24 hour urine of the control group and empirical group after 8 Week Running on Treadmills [P= 0.003]. But there was no meaningful difference in the amount of creatinine serum [P= 0.8] and serum urea nitrogen [P= 0.1] between control and empirical groups after eight weeks running on treadmills. Aerobic activities could be prevent chronic renal in the first stages. It can also be effective in the prevention or postponement of the development of chronic renal failure

effect of aerobic and resistance exercises on hormonal changes in non- athlete students at Shiraz university, Southern Iran

Considering the effect of leptin and different hormones on energy homeostasis, metabolism and weight changes, the relationship between these variables and sport activities have been taken into consideration by researchers. This study was conducted to determine the effect of aerobic and resistance exercises [weight training] on hormonal changes of leptin, insulin, cortisol, thridotironine and thyroxin levels in non-athlete students at Shiraz University, southern Iran. Sixty non-athlete male students at Shiraz University were randomly divided into 3 groups of control, aerobic and resistance exercises. The exercise programs were continued for 8 weeks, 3 sessions each week. Participants were bled between 8 and 10 o'clock in the morning in a fasting state. Leptin, insulin, cortisol, thri-dotironin and Thyroxin levels of plasma were measured in 5 phases [before the beginning of exercise, at the end of the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth weeks of exercise]. In the aerobic group, the mean leptin and insulin levels decreased significantly during the 5 measurement phases but the cortisol and thyroxin levels increased significantly. In the resistance exercise group, there was a significant decrease in leptin and insulin levels. When the mean levels of cortisol, thridotironine and thyroxin increased, these changes were not significant. Exercise can change hormonal concentration of insulin, cortisol, growth hormone, catecholamine, testosterone, etc. and the metabolism of free fatty acids, lactic acid, triglyceride, etc and reduce the amount of adipose tissue and energy consumption

Effect of professional exercises on brain natriuretic peptide

Brain natriuretic peptide [BNP] reflects myocardial wall stress. BNP activities are similar to those of atrial natriuretic peptide, including diuresis, natriuresis, hypotension and smooth muscle relaxation as well as ability to inhibit the rennin aldosterone system. It is mainly produced and released into the circulation by the ventricle in response to increased ventricular wall pressure or stretching. Therefore, BNP can be served as a marker of left ventricular dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of various professional exercises on plasma BNP levels. We enrolled 20 consecutive healthy professional athletic males from different sporting disciplines including 5 football players, 5 volleyball players, 5 bodybuilders and 5 water- polo players. Plasma BNP samples were taken immediately before and 1 hour after exercise. Plasma BNP level was significantly increased after exercise [30.01 +/- 23.46 vs. 16.72 +/- 10.86 pg/ml; P= 0.042]. The highest increase in BNP level was found among volleyball players [mean values: 19.12 to 43.38 pg/ml; 126.3% increase after volleyball] compared to other exercises. Exercise can increase plasma BNP levels, particularly among volleyball players