epidemiological study of cesarean section in Zagazig city

Cross-sectional study of cesarean section was carried out during the period from March to December 1997. A total of 1897 women were randomly selected, interviewed and asked about their last vaginal and cesarean section deliveries. The results of this study have revealed that the incidence rate of cesarean section deliveries [CS] was 26.15%, representing 71.57% with primary cesarean section and 28.43% with repeated cesarean section. 63.51% of all cesarean section deliveries were performed below the age of 30 years and about 32.26% of all cesarean deliveries were observed among primipara. The overall complication rate was 28.43% in which the main observed complications were operative hemorrhage 16.94%, postoperative wound infection 10.69% and 0.8% of urinary tract and chest infection. The study revealed that proper antenatal services should be available and accepted by target population, promotion of vaginal birth after cesarean section for properly selected cases and complete antiseptic techniques and antibiotic prophylaxis should be recommended when cesarean section done

Comparative study of Some methods for detection of gonorrhoeae in males

Sixty one strains of Gram negative, oxidase positive diplococci were recovered on modified Thayer Martin medium from 200 urethral specimens in male patients attending the dermatology and venereal disease out patient clinics. The coagglutination [CoA] test for identificalion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was compared with sugar degradation tests on 61 gonococcal isolates. The sugar fermentation reaction gave a positive result for 75.4% of the strains whereas, the CoA test gave 93.4% positive result. The sugar fermentation reaction requires subcultures and is more time consuming than CoA test. The CoA method can be carried out with the primary culture, is technically easy to perform and to reproduce, and the result is available within minutes. An indirect enzyme immunoassay [EIA], Gonozyme, was assessed for rapid detection of gonococcal antigens. The clinical usefulness of Gonozyme was evaluated by comparing results of EIA with those of culture for N. gonorrhoea from the urethral specimens in 200 male patients. The Gonozyme test was positive in 64 patients and negative in 136 patients. Gonococci were isolatd by culture in 61 of the patients. The overall sensitivity of the enzyme immuoassay was 97% ad the specificity 99.3%. The predictive values of a positive and negative gonozyme result were 98.4 and 99% respectively. The Gonozyme system is an easily performed, rapid and reliable system that provides for a noncultural alternative for the laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhea