Assessment of antimutagenicity and anticancer effects of Citrus Limon

Assessment of antimutagenicity and anticancer effects of Citrus Limon Entezari M1, Majd A2, Falahian F3, Mehrabian S4, Hashemi M51 PhD student of Biology, Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and research Campus, Tehran, Iran. 2 Professor, Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran. 3 Professor, Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and research Campus, Tehran, Iran. 4 Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran, Iran. 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch Tehran, Iran. Currently cancer is considered as one of the main causes of mortality globally. Many chemicals in our environment can cause genetic mutations and are potentially responsible for millions of cancer-related deaths. The scientists are nowadays looking for food materials which can potentially prevent cancer occurrence. The aim of this research was to examine antimutagenicity and anticancer effects of Citrus Limon fruit juices. Material and methods: In the present study Human Astrocytoma cancer cells were cultured in DMEM [Gibco], supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, penicillin, streptomycin, L-glutamine and incubated at 37°C for 2 days. In addition, cancer cell lines were treated by Citrus Limon fruit juice and cellular vital capacity was determined by MTT. The Citrus Limon fruit juice was subsequently evaluated in terms of antimutagenicity and anticancer properties by a standard reverse mutation assay [Ames Test]. For performing Ames Test salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain was chosen based on the fact that it had a specific mutation in the histidine operon, requiring histidine from a foreign source to ensure its growth. The mentioned strain gives rise to reverted colonies exposing to carcinogen substance [Sodium Azide]. During MTT, human Astrocytoma cell line revealed to have a significant cell death when compared with controls [p > 0.01]. In Ames Test the fruit juices prevented the reverted mutations and the hindrance percent of half-ripe Citrus Limon was 71.7% and ripe Citrus Limon was 34.4% in antimutagenicity test and this value in anticancer test was 83.3% and 50% in half-ripe Citrus Limon and ripe Citrus Limon, respectively. This is the first study that revealed antimutagenicity and anticancer effects of Citrus Limon fruit juice and the effects were higher in half-ripe Citrus Limon in comparison to the ripe one

[Serum iron, hepatic iron deposition, and inflammatory hepatic necrosis/fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C]

We studied the effects of serum iron level, hepatic iron deposition and other metabolic disorders i.e., insulin resistance in hepatic fibrosis development. Among 60 patients with chronic hepatitis C, we measured serum iron, ferritin and transferring level. Meanwhile, hepatic biopsies were obtained from 43 patients for whom iron deposition, inflammatory necrosis/fibrosis score and steatosis were determined. Hepatic iron deposition was significantly associated with waist circumference, ferritin level >200ng/ml, fasting C-peptide >1.9ng/ml, AST/ALT ratio >1, and fasting triglyceride >200mg/dl. On the other hand, it was not correlated with the following: grading, preportal-precital hepatitis [A], necrosis [b], focal lytic necrosis [C], focal apoptosis [C], and portal inflammation [D]. Our findings suggested an interaction between hepatic iron deposition and waist circumference, ferritin, fasting C-peptide, AST/ALT, and fasting triglyceride

Comparison of endoscopic and pathologic findings and their relation to gastero-esophageal reflux disease in patients with dyspepsia

Dyspepsia and gastro-esophageal reflux disease [GERD] are among the most common problems in clinical practice. Given established association between GERD and esophageal adenocarcinoma this problem has significant importance; whereas, most of symptomatic patients have non-erosive reflux disease [NERD] The aim of this study was to compare the clinical complaints with endoscopic and pathologic findings. This study was done in 211 patients with clinical symptoms of dyspepsia for at least 3 months from October 2003 to September 2004 in Baquiatallah hospital. After completing clinical findings questionnaire, all patients underwent endoscopy and biopsy and then these methods' findings were compared. Patients' mean age was 37.53 and their mean weight was 68.59. Most frequent complaints were abdominal pain [72%], heart burn [54%] and nausea [44%], respectively. Endoscopy was abnormal in 87 [41.2%] patients [35.1% G I, 3.8% G II, 1.9% G III and 0.5% G IV esophagitis]. 124 [58.8%] patients had normal endoscopy. Esophageal biopsy were abnormal in 54 [25.6%] patients [14.2% non-inflammatory lesions, 10.4% inflammatory lesions and 0.9% metaplasia] and 157[74.4%] patients had normal biopsy. Difference between positive endoscopy and biopsy were not significant [P=0.159]. A considerable part of symptomatic patients have NERD. Pathology and endoscopy are not preferable to each other, so symptomatic patients should be treated regardless of para-clinic studies

[Comparison of endoscopic and pathologic findings and their relation to gastero-esophageal reflux disease in patients with dyspepsia]

Background: Dyspepsia and gastro-esophageal reflux disease [GERD] are among the most common problems in clinical practice. Given established association between GERD and esophageal adenocarcinoma this problem has significant importance; whereas, most of symptomatic patients have non-erosive reflux disease [NERD]. The aim of this study was comparison the clinical complaints with endoscopic and pathologic findings

Materials and Methods: This study was done in 211 patients with clinical symptoms of dyspepsia for at least 3 months from October 2003 to September 2004 in Baquiatallah hospital. After completing clinical findings questionnaire, all patients underwent endoscopy and biopsy and then these methods' findings were compared

Results: Patients' mean age was 37.53 and their mean weight was 68.59. Most frequent complaints were abdominal pain [72%], heart burn [54%] and nausea [44%], respectively. Endoscopy was abnormal in 87 [41.2%] patients [35.1% GI, 3.8% GII, 1. 9% GIII and 0. 5% GIV esophagitis]. 124 [58.8%] patients had normal endoscopy. Esophageal biopsy were abnormal in 54 [25.6%] patients [14.2% non-inflammatory lesions, 10.4% inflammatory lesions and 0.9% metaplasia] and 157 [74.4%] patients had normal biopsy. Difference between positive endoscopy and biopsy were not significant [P=0.159]

Conclusions: A considerable part of symptomatic patients have NERD. Pathology and endoscopy are not preferable to each other, so symptomatic patients should be treated regardless of para-clinic studies