[ survey of contamination with genital mycoplasma in women with bacterial vaginalis by PCR method]

Genital mycoplasmas can cause infection of the genitourinary tract. These organisms are associated with bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, cervicitis, Nongonococcal urethritis. Spontaneous abortion, premature birth, neonatal pneumonia and meningitis, and infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of PCR method for diagnosis and identification of genital mycoplasma in culture negative samples taken from women suffering from bacterial vaginosis. 174 genital samples were taken from women suffering from bacterial vaginosis during January until December 2005. Two genital swabs were taken from each patient. One of them was cultured on the mycoplasma specific media for isolation of mycoplasma. The other swab was immersed in PBS buffer and frozen until DNA extraction. To detect the presence of mycoplasma and ureaplasma in genital DNA Samples: a 520-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA was amplified. The specific primers used for this purpose were: MGSO, UGSO, MY- ins. From 174 samples,71 samples [40.8%] were positive by culture for mycoplasma and ureaplasma. From 103 culture negative samples. According to PCR results, 14 samples [13.6%] were positive and 89 Samples [86.4%] were negative for mycoplasma and ureaplasma. This study showed that PCR method is more sensitive than culture for detection genital mycoplasma, Therefore PCR is a rapid, sensitive and easy method to detect genital mycoplasmas in urogenital swabs

[Efficacy of different immunization methods against leishmania parasite in order to prophylaxis of leishmaniasis]

Background: Leishmaniasis is a disease with different clinical manifestation produced by the genus leishmania. Eradication of the disease has proven to be difficult. Chemotherapy has only a modest effect and there is no effective and safe vaccine against any from of clinical leishmaniasis. However, individuals who recovered naturally from infection develop strong immunity against reinfection suggesting that vaccination against leishmaniasis is feasible

Materials and Methods: This study is a review article and is based on more than 30 articles about prophylaxis of leishmaniasis during recent five years

Results: In 2002 year several studies in different countries about leishmania major suggesting as a whole use of LACK antigen with IL-1 2 adjuvant mix antigens lack and MIDGE* Mix antigens lack+Lmsti 1 +TSA *Mix surface antigens Imstil+TSA+Leif=Leish 111f. *Mix leish 111f + IL-12 or Leish 111f + MPA+SLA have high efficient protective immune response but the result of study in Brazil at that time about meta 1 gene is not effective. In 2003 year several studies in different country shows the use of ODN, CPG, ALM and BOG as a adjuvant and the role of dendritic cells with IL-12 in generation of protective is very important meanwhile increase of GM-CSF * antigen recombinant Histone synthesized * Role of CD4* with CD8* the effective of NF Kappabeta cells in induction of Th1 * The use of two different adjuvant ODN, GPO with alive parasite and Man 5-DPPE coated liposomes to induce cellular immunity against parasite is important also. In 2003 studies about Leishmania infantum shows that use of IL-18 with lL-12 * Lack + DNA P36 antigens* P80 antigen * Mix antigens GP63 + CP+LPG induced Type 1 response against parasite

[Efficacy of different immunization methods against leishmania parasite in order to prophylaxis of leishmaniasis]

Background: Leishmaniasis is a disease with different clinical manifestation produced by the genus leishmania. Eradication of the disease has proven to be difficult. Chemotherapy has only a modest effect and there is no effective and safe vaccine against any from of clinical leishmaniasis. How ever, individuals who recovered naturally from infection develop strong immunity against reinfection suggesting that vaccination against leishmaniasis is feasible

Materials and Methods: This study is a review article and is based on more than 30 articles about prophylaxis of leishmaniasis during recent five years

Results: In 2002 year several studies in different countries about leishmania major suggesting as a whole use of LACK antigen with IL-12 adjuvant mix antigens lack and MIDGE* Mix antigens lack+Lmsti 1+TSA *Mix surface antigens lmstil+TSA+Leif=Leish 111f. *Mix leish 111f + IL-12 or Leish 111f + MPA+SLA have high efficient protective immune response but the result of study in Brazil at that time about meta 1 gene is not effective. In 2003 year several studies in different country shows the use of ODN, CPG, ALM and BCG as a adjuvant and the role of dendritic cells with IL-12 in generation of protective is very important meanwhile increase of GM-CSF * antigen recombinant Histone synthesized * Role of C04* with C08* the effective of NF Kappabeta cells in induction of Th1* The use of two different adjuvant ODN, GPC with alive parasite and Man 5-DPPE coated liposomes to induce cellular immunity against parasite is important also. In 2003 studies about Leishmania infantum shows that use of IL-18 with IL-12 * Lack + DNA P36 antigens* P80 antigen * Mix antigens GP63 + CP+LPG induced Type 1 response against parasite