[Complications leading to hospitalization due to consumption of anti-TB drugs in patients with tuberculosis in Gorgan, Iran [2007-12]]

Anti tuberculosis drugs therapy is the most effective method for controling the tuberculosis [TB]. Early detection and appropriate treatment can prevent the TB-drug resistance. This study was carried out to determine the complications leading to hospitalization due to consumption of anti-TB drugs in patients with tuberculosis. In this descriptive-analytic study, 1550 records of patients with TB in urban and rural health centers of Gorgan, north of Iran were assessed during 2007-12. Checklist consists of demographic and clinical data for each patient was recorded in a questionare. 44 cases experienced the complications of anti-TB drugs. 27 [61.4%] of cases with complications were women. 77.3% and 22.7% of patients affected with pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis,respectively. 38.6% of patients were diabetic. The hepatic complication was seen in 37 cases [84.1%]. Skin and other complications were seen in 5 and 2 cases, respectively. There was not any relationship between drug complications and other disases. Hepatic damage is the most common complication leading to hospitalization in tuberculosis patients using anti-TB drugs

[Effect of cow's milk elimination from children diet on chronic constipation]

Children constipation is one of the common causes of abdominal pain. Cow's milk in children diet is suggested to be one of the main cause of chronic constipation. This study was performed to determine the effect of cow's milk elimination from children diet with chronic constipation. This quasi-experimental study, was performed on 80 children with chronic constipation. Rome-III criteria were considered for disease diagnosis. Cow's milk was eliminated for three weeks from children's diet and the clinical symptoms in children were surveyed, subsequently. Constipation was cured in 33.8% of children as result of cow's milk free diet. The rate of treatment response in affecting children whom their disease in began under 2 years of age [52.6%] was significantly higher than others [16.6%] [P<0.05]. Children treatment was not significantly related to child's gender and amount of milk consumption. Eliminating of cow's milk from the diet improves the chronic constipation in children

Antibiotic resistance pattern of gram-negative bacteria in Gorgan

The excessive use of broad-spectrum | antibiotics will lead to drug resistance of microorganism and i specially nosocomial organisms. Because of high incidence of 1 antibiotic resistance in hospitals, we aimed to study antibiotic resistance to gram negative bacteria. This cross-sectional study was conducted on the data of biological samples [2006-2008], with positive culture result. Using antibiogram, microbial resistance to isolated microorganism was determined, and after culturing the samples, bacteria were identified by using differential media and antiserum. Then, antibiotic resistance was performed by disk diffusion. The most common gram-negative microorganism obtained from all cultures was E.coli with the lowest drug resistance to Nitrofurantoin. Based on the results, antimicrobial resistance pattern is not the same in different places and furthermore it is ever changing. Therefore, further research is needed to be done to have an accurate pattern of antibiotic resistance to provide effective treatment regimens

Aflatoxin contamination in wheat flour samples from Golestan province, Northeast of Iran

Due to the high toxicity of aflatoxin and its effects on public health, determination of aflatoxin level in Wheat flour samples in the Golestan province, north of Iran was investigated. To examine the effect of seasonal changes, summer and winter sampling was performed with standard sampling methods. A total of 200 flour samples were collected from 25 factories. HPLC method with immunoaffinity chromatography was used to measure aflatoxin types [G2, G1, B2 and B1]. Statistical analysis was performed by the Pearson correlation test, One-way ANOVA and multivariate regression analysis. Mean total aflatoxin levels of samples were 0.82 and 1.99 ng/g in summer and winter, respectively. Aflatoxin B1 levels were detected in 3.1%, 7.4% over permissible limits by worldwide regulations in samples collected in summer and winter, respectively. Aflatoxins in winter were higher than summer. The highest frequency of aflatoxin contamination in winter was B2 [98%] and in summer G1 [51%]. The relationship between humidity and rate of aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin was significant in winter. Results of multivariate regression were showed the strongest relationship with humidity and aflatoxin level. Despite the contamination of flour samples, there was no contamination higher than the standard limit of Iran Standard Institute. But it was significantly higher than similar studies from other regions. Therefore, with regard to negative impacts of aflatoxin on health, aflatoxin contamination should be considered in future programs. Decrease of aflatoxin contamination may be made practical through reducing wheat storage duration and controlling humidity