Determination of antibiotic resistance and synergistic effect of multiple antibiotics on helicobacter pylori isolated from the stomach ulcer biopsy specimens

Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori [H. pylori] to antibiotics is the main cause of relapse into Helcobacterial infections. With the use of several antibiotics that have synergistic effect, we can inhibit this antibiotic resistance. Thus, we aimed at determining resistance patterns and assessing the synergy of combining multiple antibiotics on H. pylori. Biopsy specimens were taken from 100 patients with gastric ulcer referred to Imam Reza hospital in Amol, north of Iran. After isolation and identification of H. Pylori, antibiogram was performed with different antibiotic disks containing one antibiotic, a combination of two antibiotics [metronidazole + clarithromycin] and three antibiotics [metronidazole + Claritromycin + Ciprofloxacin]. In this study, H. pylon were isolated from 53 [53%] biopsy specimens. Of these, 49 [5.92%] were resistant to metronidazole, 14 [26%] to amoxicillin, 10 [19%] to clarithromycin, 7 [13%] to tetracycline, 13 [5/24%] to furazolidone and 7 [13%] to ciprofloxacin. In survey of synergistic effect, an increase in inhibition zone diameter around of combined disks was seen up to 5mm compared to the most effective antibiotic. The inhibition zone diameter of discs containing two and three antibiotics was large, in comparison with one antibiotic

effect of gender differences on the response of IL-6, IL-5, cortisol to single session of circuit resistance exercise in elite handball players

Very few studies have been done with regard to the gender differences of the immune system in responding to exercise, which generally do not control women's period cycle. Considering that levels of sex hormones differ during the menstrual cycle this study investigates the influence of gender differences on the response of IL-6, IL-15, cortisol and sex hormone to a single session of circuit resistance exercise in both male and female elite Handball players, while controlling CHECK on the women menstrual period cycles. The participants of the study were 12 elite Handball players, 5 men and 7 women. The circuit resistance exercise included 10 min warming, performing chest press, leg press, leg press, abdominal crunch, literal pull down, leg extension in 3 sets with 10 repetitions with 60% 1RM and 10 min cooling down. Pre, immediately and 2 hours post exercise, the blood samples were collected in order to measure IL-6, IL-15, cortisol, testosterone and estrogen levels. Results indicated that IL-6 concentration was different in the two groups after the exercise, which showed an increase in men and a decrease in women. There was no significant difference between the two groups IL-15 levels, but significant difference was observed between the two groups in cortisol, testosterone and estrogen levels. A single session of circuit resistance exercise resulted in different responses in the Immune system of men, in comparison with women

[ prevalence of bacterial and red blood cell contamination of multiple dose vials used in ICU, NICU and the operation room]

Transmission of infection via multiple dose vials has been well documented. Thus, the probability of contamination in these vials, no matter how little, is very important because they are supposed to be a potential source of nosocomial infection in patients. Therefore, a prevalence study on the contamination of multiple dose vials [MDV] seams to be necessary. The purpose of this study was to identify bacterial contamination and red blood cell [RBC] contamination in multiple dose vials used in Bahman 22 [nd] Hospital. In a cohort study, different types of MDVs used in different sections of Bahman 22[nd] Hospital were periodically collected during one year. Information about the medication, wards, labeling of vials, the date and time of opening and storing temperature was recorded. Then, 0.5 ml of each vial was cultured in Blood Agar media at 37[degree sign] c for 48 hours. Also, the samples were tested for Red Blood Cell contamination after they were centrifuged. Totally, 300 MDV's were collected and studied. No bacterial contamination was found in the cultures. Of the 300 vials available, 2 vials were contaminated with RBC [2 RBC in one vial and 3 RBC in another] at a contamination rate of 0.67%. Although the results of bacterial culture of multiple dose vials used in different wards of the hospital were negative, the contamination of two vials with Red Blood Cells is still very important. The findings should raise concerns about the potential risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through such vials