ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen with numerous virulence factors such as phospholipase and type IV pili. The emergence of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a serious public health threat worldwide. This study was done to determine the frequency of plcH, plcN, pilA and pilB genes in multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 93 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from different clinical samples from hospitals of Zanjan, Iran during 2013-14. After identification of isolates by biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility testing [Kirby-Bauer] was performed according to CLSI guidelines. Total DNA extracted and PCR was done to detect of plcH, plcN, pilA and pilB genes
Results: Among 93 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, the highest antibiotic resistance related to Erythromycin and Cefoxitin [95.6%] and the lowest resistance related to Amikacin [26.8%]. 80.6% of isolates were multidrug resistant [MDR]. Out of 75 MDR isolates, the frequency of plcH, plcN, pilA and pilB genes was 97.4%, 49.3%, 26.6% and 17.3%, respectively
Conclusion: According to high frequency of phospholipase C gene [plcH] in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates which isolated from different clinical samples, presumably this virulence factor plays an important role in pathogenesis of this bacterium
Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Multiple , Phospholipases , Bacterial Proteins , GenesABSTRACT
Background: Enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC] is the predominant cause of infant diarrhea worldwide and represents a major endemic health threat to children living in developing countries. The increase in antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, especially in children, is considered as one of the world's health problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance and multi-drug resistance in EPEC which isolated from children with diarrhea admitted to the hospital in Zanjan.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 450 stool specimens were collected from children with diarrhea <5 years of age who referred to hospitals in Zanjan during 2012-2013. After culture and verifying of isolates by biochemical tests, Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the disk diffusion method [Bauer-Kirby] as recommended by CLSI to 13 antibiotics. Using PCR with specific primer pair's for eaeA gene, we detected EPEC in diarrheal and control samples.
Results: From 450 children with diarrhea in this study, 140 [31.1%] isolates of E. coli were identified. The frequency of EPEC isolated were 13.6% [19 isolates]. The most prevalent resistance profile were showed for erythromycin [100%], amoxicillin and co-amoxiclav 89/47%, respectively. Imipenem was found as an effective antibiotic with susceptibility rate of 84.21%. Also 90.6% of isolates were resistant to three or more agents and considered as Multidrug resistance [MDR].
Conclusion: The results showed increase in profile for antibiotic resistance. Therefore it suggest that application of antibiogram test is necessary before antibiotic prescription for successful treatment and prevention of diarrhea caused by multi-drug resistance agents.
ABSTRACT
The resistance of H. pylori to the recently available antibiotic treatment regimens has been a growing problem. The prevalence of high antibiotic resistance of H. pylori is the most common reason of its eradication failure. The purpose of the present study is to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among H. pylori strains isolated from Iranian patients. We investigated the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline among 128 H. pylori isolates from Iranian patients. After the culture of biopsy specimens and identification, susceptibility tests was performed with Modified Disk Diffusion Method [MDDM] and E. test. Resistance rates to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin and tetracycline were 64%, 23%, 2.5% and 0%, respectively. Seventy two percent of the metronidazole resistance strains had MIC>256 micro g/ml [High-Level-Resistance]. Due to the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori strains and in order to decrease the treatment cost, testing of susceptibility to metronidazole and clarithromycin is recommended