[Post voiding wetting as an unusual presentation symptom of ectopic ureter [case report]]

The single ectopic ureter is relatively uncommon and most often is manifested by symptoms. A case of ectopic urethral ureter in a 11 year old girl is reported with post void wetting and incontinent dribbling but continent in other positions. IVU [intravenous excretory urography] showed compensatory hypertrophy of right kidney and nonvisualized left kidney. Cystoscopy demonstrated a left ureteral orifice in the distal urethra. Nephroureterectomy was performed and in 6 months follow up period, she didn't have any problem. Because of rarity of case, the literature has been discussed

[Evaluation the effect of super- ovulation on implantation and fetal growth in mice]

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of super-ovulation with gonadotrophins, on implantation and fetal growth after blastocysts transfer into the mice uterine. We compared the rate of endometrial acceptance after various number of blastocyst transfer into each of the uterine's horn in mice. NMRI female mice 2-3 months' olds, were haphazardly divided into two control and experimental groups; and each was subsequently was divided into two groups, donor and recipient. All of donors and experimental recipients were super-ovulated with PMSG and hCG. 5 and 10 obtained blastocysts were then respectively transferred into left and right uterine horns of pseudo- pregnant recipients. All recipients were killed on the 14[th]. day of pregnancy and were evaluated from the rate of implantation and fetal weights. No significant statistical differences were found in the grown fetal rate in super-ovulated recipients [6.1%], as compared with control recipients [7.3%]. The grown fetal rate in the left horn of uterine were [13% in control recipients and 11.4% in super-ovulated recipients] was significantly higher than in the right horn [4.5% in control recipients and 3.5% in super- ovulated recipients]. Furthermore, no significant statistical differences were found in the rate of not grown fetuses in super-ovulated recipients [10.4%], as compared with control recipients [12.3%]. Moreover, no significant statistical differences were found in the mean weight of fetuses obtained from super ovulated- recipients as compared with that of fetuses obtained from the control recipients. No significant effect was observed with ovarian stimulation on the implantation rate and fetal growth. The capacity of uterine acceptance was decreased with added embryos

How to decrease the emotional impact of cadaver dissection in medical students

Teaching anatomy is based on cadaver dissection. Working with cadavers, whether through active dissection or by examination of prosected specimens, constitutes a potential stressor in medical education. To reduce the anxiety of the medical students by mentally preparing them before going to the dissection room. The questionnaires were distributed among 68 medical students. The pre-dissection questionnaire comprised questions related to demographic data and the first encounter with a cadaver. The students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was prepared psychologically prior to dissection, but the control group entered the dissection room without any preparation. After the first dissection class, all students were surveyed by the second questionnaire which surveyed physical and cognitive symptoms of anxiety, resulting from exposure to the dissection room at the first visit and six weeks later. There was a significant difference [p<.05] in the rate of anxiety between experimental and control group in the initial visit. The difference in the rate of anxiety between the first exposure and six weeks later was significant in control group [p<.008], while it was not significant in the experimental group. The initial preparation could relatively reduce the rate of stress, so that the experimental group experienced less emotional effects during dissection compared to control group