Gender identity disorders and its social aspects: the case study on transsexuality in Iran

Although transsexuality and sex change might be considered as a personal issue, it has some influentional socio-cultural causes and consequences. This article aim at the illustration of transsexuality in Iran. To achieve this goal, the theoretical studies have been applied to describe the nature of transsexuality. Later sex transition and legal system in Iran will be explained. And finally some social and cultural consequences of transsexuality will be discussed. This study has been carried out by a survey including interviews with two different samples groups:1] the transsexuality policy makers,2] forty cases of transsexuals. The findings show while Iranian legal system is not against transsexuality and sex transition, transition, transsexuals suffering from gender identity disorders are encountered some social and cultural problem in their private lives public sphere

Effective factors on students academic attrition in lorestan university of medical sciences

The aim of this research is to determine the factors contributing to academic attrition among day - course students of Lorestan university of medical sciences. In this case - control study all the day - course students who had at least one semester of an average mark under 12 in academic year 2000-2001 were chosen and then the same number of students with an average mark over 15 were selected randomly as control group. Data gathered using GHQ questionnaire for measurement of mental health and study satisfaction questionnaire, as well as variables such as average mark, family economic status and their study files information which are saved in computer were used too. of all students participated in this study, 41 students had been failed during last year, including 24 females [58.54%] and 17 males [41.46%] considering the proportion of female and male students, academic attrition in male students [6.69%], in comparison with female students, [3.66%] is higher. From viewpoint of age, it was determined that there were a negative correlation between age and average mark [r = -0.49]. Analysis of results showed that there exist relationship between marital status and academic attrition [p < 0.05], but no relation found between accommodation place [dormitory andnon - dormitory] and academic attrition. From 41 failed students, 16 cases [40%] were students of medicine and the least rate of academic attrition related to student of anesthesia. There was a significant difference between case and control groups from viewpoint of anxiety [p < 0.05]. Results indicate that failure rate is observed more among Shahed quota students. No significant relationship was there between satisfaction from field of study and average mark. And between socio- economic level and academic attrition there was 0.18 correlation. Regarding the above mentioned results, academic attrition in students is a multi-factorial phenomenon and different factors such as students' mental health during study in university must be taken into account, and also it is suggested to exert age limitation from certain fields of study such medicine because results of this study showed that there is a negative relation between age and academic attrition

[ amount of mirthfulness and its relation with self-reliance in students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences]

Mirthfulness is a new psychological concept which has been less taken into consideration so far. The studies and carried out researches about joyance and mirthfulness are too less than those about depression, anxiety and other similar phenomena. The aim of this research was to study the amount of mirthfulness of the students of Lorestan university of medical sciences and its relation with self-reliance. In this cross-sectional study 150 day students were selected using systematic random sampling. To carry out the research two measurement instruments of mirthfulness and self-reliance rate were used. The questionnaire used for mirthfulness, is the short from of Mirthfulness Scale which has been made by Oxford university psychologists in 1989. To measure self-reliance, a questionnaire including 25 questions with two choices of Yes, No, was used. Gathered data were analyzed using SPSS software. Data analysis showed that 19.3% of the students had a low amount of mirthfulness. The amount of mirthfulness of 62% of them was acceptable and 18.7% had a good amount of mirthfulness. From view point of self-reliance 29.33% of the students had a low self-reliance, 58% had a fair self-reliance and only 12.67% had a good and high selfreliance. Between the amount of mirthfulness in terms of field of study there was no significant difference; but between self-reliance in terms of field of study there was a significant difference [P<0.01], There was no significant difference between self-reliance in terms of sex, but between the amount of mirthfulness and sex there was a significant difference [P<0.02]. Between the amount of mirthfulness and self-reliance there was a significant correlation [r=0.58]. Regarding the obtained performing preventive and treating programs in order to health promote the amount of mirthfulness among students can lead to improve the level of mental and consequently to promote students' study performance