ABSTRACT
Because of dyspraxia students have difficulty in some movements and deformity of the spine as a factor can lead to restriction of their movement, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between vertebral column deformities and components of the Kepart test in students with dyspraxia. The present descriptive analytical research is a cross-sectional study, involving the male elementary school students of Tehran in 2009. The participants were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling: Zone 4 was chosen by random from among the 22 municipal districts; 5 schools were selected by random from among many schools in the zone; finally, 1100 students were randomly selected. In the first step, we distributed the questionnaire about the conceptual - movement deficiency [validity 0.86]. Eighty students of 8 to 12 years with problems in at least 5 components [out of 14] participated in the Kepart test [validity 0.95]. From them, 34 students with the lowest scores were selected as the study subjects. Then, with the use of Spinal - Mouse machine, the vertebrate column deformities of students were studied from frontal and sagital aspects. For analyzing the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used in SPSS 13. The prevalence of deformities was flat back 40%, thoracic kyphosis 29.16% and thoracic scoliosis 20.83% in the subjects. A significant relationship [p=0.05, r=0.34] was found between lumbar lordosis and side walking in students with dyspraxia. Also, the prevalence of dyspraxia was 7.26%, and 2.18% suffered from severe dyspraxia. The results showed that the lower the amount of lumbar lordosis, the lower the students' ability to side walk
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: The emotional intelligence [EQ] includes understanding and control of emotions. The purpose of the present study was investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership styles [transformation and transaction] in the coaches of sports teams of Region 9 of the Islamic Azad University
Methods and Materials: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical research. The study population included male coaches of the sports teams of the Islamic Azad University Region 9, from among who 240 participants were randomly selected. Data collection was done through emotional intelligence questionnaire [Shoot, validity 0.84], leadership style questionnaire [Varner Bourk, validity 0.79] and a demographic questionnaire. The obtained data were statistically analyzed in SPSS 13 using descriptive statistics [frequency, mean and standard deviation] and Pearson Correlation coefficient
Results: Mean emotional intelligence of the participants was 116.25 +/- 20.21; mean transformation and transaction leadership styles scores were 50.60 +/- 5.41 and 24.42 +/- 5.41, respectively. There was a positive significant correlation between emotional intelligence and transformation leadership style [p=0.001, r=0.404]. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between emotional intelligence and transactional leadership style [p=0.001, r=-0.404]. Investigating the effect of age, experience and educational major on the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership style showed that older age and experience of the coach highlights this relationship [r=0.475, p=0.000]. However, this correlation was significant only in coaches with non-physical-training education [p=0.000, r=0.559]
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be stated the higher the emotional intelligence in coaches, the stronger their willingness to transformation leadership style will be