[Standardization of total numbers of word, mean length of utterance and mean length of 5 long sentences in normal Persian language children between 2 to 5 years old in Semnan city]

the speech quality parameters have been provided as one of the main factors for determining the nature and volume of language impairment. We standardize the measures of total numbers of word, mean length of utterance [MLU] and mean length of 5 long sentences in normal Semnanian 2 to 5 years' old children's spontaneous language samples, which elicit by conversation method. Since in Iran the treatment of childhood language disorders achieve in base of clinician experiences and/or sometimes by English language norms so it is necessary that determine such norms of the speech quality parameters for Persian language children. In the search, we studied 580 normal Semnanian 2 to 5 years old Persian language children. The examiner used pictures and storybooks for eliciting the descriptive language sample and open- ended question for eliciting the free language sample. Children's language samples were recorded in tape script. Later, these oral samples were written on the paper by international transcribe. Then we calculated the measures of the speech quality parameters and analyzed them by statistical tests. According to the findings of this study, the norm of total numbers of word, MLU and mean length of 5 long sentences were determined for Semnanian 2 to 5 years old children. Also, the findings showed increasing in total number of word, MLU and mean length of 5 long sentences throughout arising the child's age from 2 to 5 years old. The findings indicate that the child's age influences on these speech quality parameters in base of type of speech [language sampling method]. Therefore, the process of increasing the measures of these speech quality parameters varies in aspect of child's type of speech

[ effect of Indomethacin suppositories on pain relief after cesarean delivery with general anesthesia]

All patients be experienced a feeling of pain after surgeries. We studied the sedative effect of rectal Indomethacin [R.I] after cesarean section [C/S] with general anesthesia and compared the severity of pain and frequency of narcotic use in case [use of R.I] and control group [UN use of R.I]. In a clinical trial case - control study [2002-2003] 104 women with a C/S under general anesthesia in Zahedan Ghods hospital were studied. Patients randomly divided in two groups. 52 patients in case group received 100 mg Indomethacin rectaly every 12 hours. 52 patients in control group don't received Indomethacin. All patients visited carefully before C/S and preterm labor [< 37 week of gestational age], history of previous C/S, asthma, peptic ulcer and kidney disease were excluded from this study. Induction of anesthesia was similar in all patients with 5 mg/iv morphine and 1-2mg/IV Fentanil general. Every 6 hours after C/S patients were fallowed and compared for frequency of sever pain and narcotic injection, the time of oral feeding and ambulation were recorded and analysis were done by SPSS. According to this study there was significant difference between feeling of severe pain and the need for sedative narcotic drugs in case and control groups after C/S [P < 0.01]. In case group patient's ambulation and regular diet is shorter than control group. It seems that rectal Indomethacin after C/S reduces the feeling of severs pain and narcotic use to six times, and reduces 6-12 time of the ambulation and eating regular diet. That can cause a short recovery period after C/S

[Comparison of prednisolone and pyridoxime in hyperemesis gravidarum]

Despite high prevalence rate of nausea vomiting and mead for treatment in severe cases which leads to electrolyte imbalances and weight loss, due to lack of knowledge about its cause, an elear-cut treatment for it, is still unavailable. In this study we compared the effect of prednisolone to that of pyridoxine on the treatment of severe cases of vomiting during the first half of pregnancy. In a double blind clinical trial study [2002-2003] 120 women with a normal intra uterine pregnancy and less than 22 weeks of gestational age with hyper emesis gravidarum were admitted to Zahedan Qhods hospital for appropriate treatment. Patients randomly divided in two groups of 60; patients, received prednisolone 5 mg/ TDS [case group] and the other 60 patients, received pyridoxine / 20mg/ TDS [control group]. 3 days later, serum electrolytes, severity of vomiting , beginning of diet, and response to treatment were studied. All patients were followed every week, up to 22 weeks of gestational age. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to maternal age, gestational age, and gravidity, and weight loss, number of previous admissions recent pregnancy. There was significant difference between the two groups in electrolyte disorders, start of feeding after 1-2 days from initiated treatment, recurrent admission 2 weeks after discharge and response to treatment [P