ABSTRACT
Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hepatitis B virus [HBV] and hepatitis C virus [HCV] are three important prevalent infections all over the world. The aim of this study was to determine seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infections and high risk behaviors in persons who referred to the behavioral counseling center of Hamadan, west of Iran. This was a cross-sectional study which was done on 379 persons who referred to the behavioral counseling center of Hamadan. All persons after obtaining the informed consent were tested for serologic markers including HBs Ag, HCV-Ab and HIV-Ab by ELISA and western blot methods. Of the 379 persons, 71.5% [271 cases] were male and 28.5% [108 cases] were female. HIV infection was reported in 4% [15] of persons. HBV and HCV infections were reported in 2.9% [11 cases] and 35.6% [135 cases], respectively. The most common high risk behaviors were injection drug user and history of prison with 52.5% [199 cases] and 40.4% [153 cases], respectively. According to the results, injection drug users and prisoners are at the highest risk for HCV, HIV and HBV infections
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV , Hepatitis B virus , Hepacivirus , Blotting, Western , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Hepatitis C Antibodies , HIV Antibodies , Drug Users , PrisonersABSTRACT
An analytical cross-sectional study determined the serogroups and serotypes of Vibrio cholerae, and their antibiotic resistance rates, in the 2005 cholera epidemic in Hamadan. All 190 patients with positive stool cultures had V. cholerae serogroup O1, biotype El Tor and serotype Inaba positive. Of 60 cases selected randomly for antibiogram testing, sensitivity to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin, tetracycline and doxycycline was 97%, 92%, 88%, 85%, 77% and 67% respectively. Resistance to furazolidone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin was 100%, 98% and 62% respectively. Comparison with the results of the 1998 epidemic suggests a worrying increase in the resistance of V. cholerae to erythromycin, doxycycline and ciprofloxacin
Subject(s)
Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Health Surveys , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Outbreaks , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Ciprofloxacin , Norfloxacin , Culture MediaABSTRACT
Superinfection of hepatitis A in chronic hepatitis B and C may worsen the course of disease. This study attempted to study frequency of hepatitis A virus antibodies in patients with hepatitis B and hepatitis C. 115 hepatitis C and 56 hepatitis B patients who visited the Hepatitis Association of Hamedan province during 2004-2005 were enrolled. Hepatitis A virus antibodies [IgM, IgG] by ELISA, WBC, hemoglobin, platelet, AST and ALT were evaluated. 32 patients with hepatitis B and 39 patients with hepatitis C refused the study. In 71 [85.5%] patients with hepatitis B, IgG-HAV-Ab and in one patient IgM-HAV-Ab was detected. 36 [92.3%] patients with hepatitis C had IgG-anti-HAV. Due to high frequency of HAV Ab, it is preferable to evaluate patients with hepatitis B and C for HAV-Ab instead of vaccination of all patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , Immunoglobulin M , Immunoglobulin G , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leukocyte Count , Hemoglobins , Platelet Count , Superinfection , Liver Function TestsABSTRACT
We determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis B in Nahavand in a sample of 1824 subjects > 5 years in 2002. Face- to- face interviews were conducted and blood samples taken. The association between risk factor and hepatitis B was assessed using logistic regression. The prevalence of HbsAg positive cases was 2.3%, and HBcAb and HBsAb were isolated in 7.8% and 11.6% of the participants respectively; 11.9% were positive for both HBcAb and HBsAb. History of surgery and imprisonment were the major risk factors for infection with odds ratios of 2.14 [95% CI: 1.22- 3.05] and 3.57 [95% CI: 1.68- 5.4] respectively