[Effect of N-acetylcysteine with letrozole to induction of ovulation in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome]

Background and Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is the most endocrine disorder in women. This study was done to determine the effect of N-acetylcysteine with letrozole to induction of ovulation in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Methods: This clinical trail study was carried out on forty PCOS women with normal TSH, prolactin, hysterosalpingographies and normal spermograms. The patients in control group were received letrozole 5 mg/d for 5 days starting at day 3 of the cycle. The patients in interventional group were received letrozole 5 mg/d with NAC 1.2 g/d [group II] for 5 days starting at day 3 of the cycle. On 14[th] day of cycle, transvaginal ultrasonography was performed to evaluate endometrial thickness and follicles properties. If mature follicle detected, hCG was injected and timed coitus at 12, 36 and 60 hours later advised. beta-hCG level was checked on day 16 after hCG injection

Results: The mean of endometrial thickness and follicles ovulation in hCG injection day was similar in the two groups. The pregnancy rate was 15% and 20% in control and interventional groups, respectively. This difference was not significant. The mean of follicles number was 1.13% and 1.47% in control and interventional groups, respectively. This difference was not significant

Conclusion: NAC as an adjuvant to letrozole was not effective for ovulation induction in patients with PCOS

Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa bloom in Aras dam reservoir

Occurances of cyanobacterial bloom typically appear in eutrophic lakes which either have been affected by anthropogenic nutrient loading or are naturally rich in nutrients. Microcystis blooms have been reported all over the world in freshwater ecosystems mainly due to increased population which results in increased the waste water production. The aim of this study was to recognize the basic reasons of Microcystis aeruginosa bloom in Aras reservoir. Water temperature, pH, DO, EC, TN, N-No[2], N-No[3], P-Po[4] chl a and the number of Microcystis colonies were determined. The effects of these parameters on the microcystis increased growth was examined. Though we could not strictly relate a few other factors to this phenomenon, higher water temperature, pH and DO in the sampling site i.e. 27°C, 9.16 and 17.2 mg/L respectively, surely favored the M.aeruginosa bloom. In brief, preventing or reducing the nutrients flow into the reservoir should be considered as a priority in order to reduce Microcystis scum forming colonies

Macro-invertebrates in the wetlands of the Zarrineh estuary at the south of Urmia lake [Iran]

This research summarizes the data on benthic macro invertebrates collected from 25 points in the urmia Lake wetlands during November 2008 to February 2009. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of elevated salinity and nutrient [nitrogen and phosphorus] levels on macro invertebrate abundance and composition. A total of 32 taxa were collected, and the common taxa, including Chironomidae [midges], Corixidae [water boatmen], Erythemis [damselflies], Ephemerella [mayflies], Hyalella [amphipods], and snails. Samples at ponds with salinities greater than 10 ppt showed a shift in community composition to salt-tolerant taxa and a reduction in total diversity. The corixid Trichocorixa vertical is, the brine shrimp Artemia partenogenetica, and the dipteran Ephydra are salt-tolerant species that only occur at high salinity levels. Ponds relatively high in nutrients had fewer total taxa, reduced abundance and diversity of aquatic beetles, lower diversity index values, and a greater dominance by chironomids than ponds low in nutrients. It is suggested to allocate about 10x10[6] cubic meters freshwater of the represented rivers to these wetlands to improve their trophic condition and transfer their hypereutrophic waters into the Urmia Lake for more production of the macro invertebrates both in the wetlands and on the lake