Evaluation of producing extended spectrum p-lactamase among isolated escherchia coli from patients suffering from urinary tract infections: [short report]

Despite the widespread availability of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance in uropathogens is increasing. The most common mechanism in the antibiotic resistance is production of extended spectrum B-lactamase [ESBL]. In this study, the presence of producing ESBL among isolated Escherchia Coli from patients suffering from urinary tract infections in Ali-Ebne Abitaleb hospital [Rafsanjan, Iran] as well as their sensitivity to newer antibiotics were evaluated. In this descriptive study, 146 Escherchia Coli were collected from 1634 urine samples of suspected patients with urinary tract infection in a five month tim period. Isolated organisms were identified by standard biochemical and microbial tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion method. Isolated E coli that were resistant to third generation cephalosporines were tested for ESBL phenotype by double disc synergy test method. Their susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem and cefepime were also determined. Totally, 19.86% of the isolated E coli showed resistance to third generation cephalosporines and 10.27% of them were ESBL producer. Also, ESBLs E Coli showed co-resistance to other antibiotics. Susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem were 100%, and cefepime 26.66%. ESBL producer isolated Escherchia Coli had resistance to many different antibiotics, but it showed high susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem. So in order to prevent any resistance, we should use these antibiotics correctly

[ effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament on the apical microleakage]

Nowadays, calcium hydroxide is used as a dressing for canal sterilization and repair progression of apical lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament on the apical microleakage of root filling. In this experimental study, 46 extracted single-rooted human teeth were instrumented with step-back technique to master apical file [MAF] size 35. Specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups [n=20]. In group 1, the specimens were treated with calcium hydroxide intracanal medication; and in group 2, did not receive any medication. The teeth were incubated in 100% humidity at 37 [degree sign] C for one week. After that, calcium hydroxide was removed using irrigation with normal saline and reaming with MAF. The root canals were obturated with gutta- percha and AH26 sealer using lateral compaction technique. Specimens were incubated in 100% humility at 37 [degree sign] C for 72 hours and then immersed in India ink for 1 week. Finally, the teeth were cleared and the maximum linear dye penetration was measured under a stereomicroscope at 4X magnification. The data were analyzed by T-test and Chi-square. There was no significant difference between the two experimental groups [P=0.068]. The findings of this study indicated that using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament did not influence the apical microleakage after final obturation of the root canal system

[Designing of a specific immunofluorescence method for differentiation of velogenic and vaccinal strains of newcastle disease virus]

To Prepare of a specific FITC conjugate antibody for differentiation of velogenic and vaccinal strains of Newcastle disease virus. Experimental study.27 rabbits.4 velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus were obtained from collection of viruses in Virology Laboratory of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and two vaccinal strains [Bl and Lasota] were propagated in embryonated eggs and purified by ultra centrifugation. Purified viruses used for immunization of 7 groups of rabbits, each consisting of 4 animals. Each group was immunized by one of the virulent or vaccinal strains and one group by mix of vaccinal strains. The immunization process took about 4 months. Sera samples fro immunized animals after absorption by each of the vaccine and velogenic strains were put in proximity to one another in Agar gel Immunodiffusion test. Specific antibodies conjugated with FITC. 28 velogenic isolates, 2 vaccinal strains and 14 negative samples were tested by using the conjugated specific antibody.Eventually only one precipitate line was observed. That was indicative of the fact that specific antibody against velogenic and vaccine strains was obtained. The produced specific antibody can detect unique viral antigen and respond against it. This specific FITC conjugated antibody can differentiate velogenic and vaccinal strains of NDV in shorter time than classic methods

[ in vitro comparison of anti bacterial effect of AH26 and AHplus sealers on infected root canals with enterococcus faecalis bacteria]

Statement of Problem: Bacteria and their destructive byproducts are the main causes of pulpal and periapical diseases. The main goal of the root canal therapy is to eliminate these bacteria from the root canal systems to prepare a suitable environment for the healing of periradicular tissues. Total elimination of these bacteria from root canal system is impossible, even by cleaning, shaping and irrigating with antibacterial solutions; therefore, utilization of antibacterial filling materials can help to achieve a better result

Aim: The purpose of this study was an in vitro comparison of antibacterial effect of AH26 and AHplus sealers on infected root canals with enterococcus faecalis bacteria

Materials and Methods: For this experimental study, 90 single rooted human teeth including upper incisors and canine were chosen. The crowns were removed and the root canals were cleaned and shaped. Smear layer was removed from canals and the roots were contaminated with entrococcuous faecalis bacteria following their sterilization. The roots were randomly divided into four experimental groups. The root canals of two groups were obturated using gutta percha and AH26 sealer with the lateral condensation technique. Root canals of the remaining groups were obturated by the same method but by using AHplus sealer. After incubation periods of 2 and 7 days, 4 mm segments were prepared from the middle third of roots and following removal of gutta percha from the segments, dentinal shavings were collected from the inside walls of the segments. The dentinal shavings were cultured and the presence of bacteria and the number of colonies were evaluated. The data were compared with each other by Mann-Withney and Chi-Square tests

Results: The findings of this study demonstrated that AH26 sealer can kill all the bacteria in 2 and 7 days but AHplus sealer can not eliminate the bacteria from the infected root canals and a significant rise in the number of colonies was seen when comparing the incubation period of 2 days with 7 days

Conclusion: The findings of this survey illustrated a strong antibacterial effect of AH26 in comparing with AHplus which may be due to the greater amount of formaldehyde releases from this sealer

[Correlation of raw conners' scores and family characteristics in general population of primary school children]

Background: Although, association of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and some family characteristics has been reported, less attention has been focused on the correlation between raw Conners' scores and family characteristics in general population. While higher raw Conners' score indicates more possibility of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, detection of such correlation highlights the need for screening of this disorder in some families. Aim of this study was to assess the possible correlation of raw Conners' scores and family characteristics in general population of primary school children

Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, parent's and teacher's Conner's questionnaire and a checklist containing family variables was administered to 1000 primary school children who were randomly selected from all primary schools in Shahrekord, in 2002. 819 subjects entered the study

Results: Raw Conners' scores were correlated with history of referral of father to psychiatrist, long absence of father from home, history of change in job of father, job of parents, educational level of parents, history of legal problems of parents, smoking of parents, drugs addiction by parents[p<0.05]. There were no correlation between raw Conners' scores and history of referral of mother to psychiatrist, history of referral of siblings to psychiatrist, long absence of father from home or living together of parents [p>0.05[

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, screening of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is recommended in those children whose father have history of referral to the psychiatrist, have long absence from home, with a history of change of job, or with parents with some jobs, with low educational levels, with history of legal problems, smoking or drugs addiction

[Correlation of raw conners' scores and family characteristics in general population of primary school children]

Background: Although, association of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and some family characteristics has been reported, less attention has been focused on the correlation between raw Conners' scores and family characteristics in general population. While higher raw Conners' score indicates more possibility of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, detection of such correlation highlights the need for screening of this disorder in some families. Aim of this study was to assess the possible correlation of raw Conners' scores and family characteristics in general population of primary school children

Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, parent's and teacher's Conner's questionnaire and a checklist containing family variables was administered to 1000 primary school children who were randomly selected from all primary schools in Shahrekord, in 2002. 819 subjects entered the study

Results: Raw Conners' scores were correlated with history of referral of father to psychiatrist, long absence of father from home, history of change in job of father, job of parents, educational level of parents, history of legal problems of parents, smoking of parents, drugs addiction by parents[p<0.05]. There were no correlation between raw Conners' scores and history of referral of mother to psychiatrist, history of referral of siblings to psychiatrist, long absence of father from home or living together of parents [p>0.05]

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, screening of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is recommended in those children whose father have history of referral to the psychiatrist, have long absence from home, with a history of change of job, or with parents with some jobs, with low educational levels, with history of legal problems, smoking or drugs addiction

[ study on knowledge, attitude and performance of teachers in Rasht- City concerning family planning and contraceptive methods]

Introduction: today, population is the greatest problem in developing countries and family planning is accepted as a strategy against it by all countries and correct education of family planning and improvement of awareness level have a significant role in control of population in this field

Objective: present study was carried out to examine knowledge, attitude and performance of teachers in Rasht- City concerning Family Planning and Contraceptive Methods in 2001-2002

Materials and Methods: this study was performed in all teachers with different degrees. Sample size was 544 individuals and data were collected with questionnaires. In general, 503 questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software

Results: age range of individuals studied was 25-55 years with mean age 38.4 years. Mean age of marriage was 24.1 with +/-3.7 standard deviation and mean number of children 1.94 with +/-0.9 year standard deviation. 57.5 percent of contributors have license degrees.44.1 percent of subjects regarded physicians and health care workers as the most important reference for achieving information. Mean score of awareness was 4.21 from a total score of 10 and 62.8 percent of them in terms of awareness were in intermediate degree. There was a reliable relationship between age and awareness [P Value 0.000]. Mean score of attitude was 3.73 in range of [-12,12] and 83.3 percent of persons were located in positive attitude group. It was found that there was reliable relationship between children number and attitude. [P.value:0. 005] Most common method for contraception was coitus interruptus [19.7 percent]. 42.7 percent of parents indicated that they had an unexpected childbirth

Conclusion: what was presented in this research revealed positive attitude among persons. In other words, there were strong motivations in the subjects concerning the necessity for family planning and prevention of unwanted pregnancies. However, due to low knowledge level about contraceptives, there was a high rate of unwanted pregnancies that suggest the poor performance of the investigatees

Isolation of myelin basic protein and detection of its immunological properties

Multiple sclerosis [MS] is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system of presumed autoimmune etiology. One of the best animal models of demyelinating diseases is experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis [EAE], which can be induced in a variety of animals by injection of a target antigen such as myelin basic protein [MBP]. The immune responses against the target amino acids cause tissue damages such as demyelination in the CNS. In this study, after isolation of myelin basic protein from bovine cord, we examined its purity and molecular weight by SDS-PAGE and in order to investigate its immunological properties, two varieties of guinea pigs were injected with different amounts of the isolated protein. Clinical signs of EAE and also histological changes were detected. Delayed type hypersensitivity, and anti-MBP antibodies to the isolated MBP were also investigated. Another form of EAE which has been called chronic-relapsing EAE [CR-EAE], was induced by injection of cord homogenate. EAE and CR-EAE are the best models for MS investigations