ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Hyperactivity / attention deficit disorder [ADHD] with 3-5% is the most common disorder in children. This study was done to compare the efficacy of behavioral, medicinal and combination of behavioral and medicinal therapy on reduction of ADHD symptoms in children. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 40 male elementary students with ADHD in Gorgan, Northern Iran during 2011-12. Subjects were divided into the four groups including control, behavioral, medicinal [Ritalin 10 mg three times per day] and combination of behavioral and medicinal therapy. Conner's Rating Scale for parents [home] and teachers [school] were used in pretest-posttest spot after 8 weeks therapy. Results: After intervention ADHD symptoms significantly reduced in behavioral, medicinal and combination of behavioral and medicinal therapy in compared to controls [P<0.05], but this reduction was more in medicinal and combination of behavioral and medicinal therapy groups than behavioral group. Conclusion: Medicinal and combination of behavioral and medicinal therapy has the same efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms in children
ABSTRACT
Pregnancy complicated by diabetes requires increasing health care resources for controlling sugar levels during pregnancy and reduce the severe perinatal consequences. Now a days changing lifestyle patterns have changed susceptibility to disease. This study was conducted to determine and compare some of the lifestyle factors [pregnancy self-care, perceived social support and perceived stress] of women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant women. A comparative- descriptive study was conducted on 100 pregnant women with definite diagnosis of gestational diabetes [diabetic group] and 100 healthy pregnant women [controls] attending teaching health centers affiliated to the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire related to pregnancy self-care, perceived social support and perceived stress. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software. Demographics and obstetrics variables were similar in the diabetes and the controls groups mean pregnancy self-care score was 71.9 and 81.87, respectively [P<0.001], mean perceived social support the was 65.75 and 73.88, respectively [P<0.001], and mean score of perceived stress was 51.57 and 60.27, respectively [P<0.001]. Study results showed that pregnant women with gestational diabetes had less self-care, social support and perceived stress. This study further reveals the importance of women's self-care and perceived social support during pregnancy. The incidence of gestational diabetes can be prevented through increased awareness and education of pregnant women regarding appropriate lifestyles during pregnancy and any interventions that could improve them
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Self Care , Social Support , Stress, Psychological , Life StyleABSTRACT
Background and Objective: the burden of psychiatric disorders in the developed countries has been identified by the screening questionnaires and standard clinical interviews at a high level, but the epidemiological studies of psychiatric disorders in our country are brief and their numbers are few. Providing essential mental health services to the people requires us to be knowledgeable about the present status of psychiatric disorders in the society. The objective of their research was to carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders in the 18 years and above individuals in the urban and rural areas of Golestan province
Materials and Methods: 518 individuals selected through randomized clustered and systematic sampling methods from among the existing families of Golestan province and the schedule for affective disorders and Schizophrenia [SADS] questionnaires completed by the clinical psychologist. The diagnosis of the disorders was based on DSM-IV classification criteria
Results: the results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province is 14.69%, which was 18.14% in the women, and 11.47% in the men. The mood and affective disorders respectively with 7.93 and 4.05% had the higher prevalence in the province. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in this study was 0.97%, neuro-cognitive disorders 1.16% and dissociative disorders 0.58%. In the group anxiety disorders, panic disorder with 4.05% of had the higher prevalence and in the group of affective disorder, major depression, hypomanic and manic disorder with 1.93
Conclusion: this study showed that 7.53% of individuals that were studied suffered from at least one of the psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province among the individuals in the age group of 41-55 years with 13.04%, separated or divorced individuals 50%, residents of urban areas 11.03%, illiterate individuals 12.75% and housewives 13.04% was more than other individuals in the sample. Being aware of this matter reveals the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers, prevention, treatment and medical education more than before in relation to preparing application and executive plans in Golestan province for mental health
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Evaluating the effects of fluoxetine and clomipramine on fasting blood sugar, tri-glyceride, cholesterol, weight, and liver function of obsessive-compulsive of Iranian children and adolescents
Method: 30 patients [7-17 yrs.] referred by Roozbeh Hospital with the diag-nosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD], were selected as the subjects. Clinical inte-rviews based on DSM-IV, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale [YBOS] and Maudseley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory [MOCI] was used for the purpose of diagnosis. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups; each composed of 15 subjects. For a period of 8 weeks, in a double blind clinical trial, one group received fluoxetine and the other group received clomipramine. The first group started with 10 to 20 mg. of fluoxetine; the dosage was ultimately increased to 20-60 mg. per day in the second week. The second group received 25 mg. of clomipramine in the beginning and then in the second week, it was raised up to 75-200 mg. per day. The severity of OCD was measured by YBOS and MOCI at the beginning and end of the study. Triglyceride, Cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, and weight were first measured at the initial phase, and then two, four, and 8 weeks after the initiation of the medication. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test
Finding: This study showed that fluoxetine decreased fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride significantly; fluoxetine increased the density of ALP of liver function. On the other hand, clomipramine decreased fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride; but had no effect on ALP of liver function. Both fluoxetine and clomipramine caused an increase in the density of SGPT and SGOT of liver function. Whereas after eight weeks of treatment, fluoxetine had little impact on the subjects weight, clomipramine significantly increased their weight
Results: fluoxetine is preferred in treatment of OCD patients who have over-weight issue and also suffer from cardiovascular or diabetic disorders