ABSTRACT
Escalating development of tourism and petroleum industries in small islands such as Lavan-Iran requires sound solid waste management. In the present investigation, three scenarios which consist of the combination of landfill, recycling, incineration and composting and their environmental impacts have been evaluated for 7514 Kg/day of waste generation in Lavan island. For this purpose, life cycle assessment was used. The environmental impact assessment was carried out by Eco-indicator 99. The impacts include health [organic substances, inorganic substances, climate change, ionizing radiation, and ozone layer depletion], ecosystem quality [ecotoxic emissions, acidification, eutrophication and double coating] and resources [extraction of minerals and the fossil fuels]. Although all three scenarios have positive impacts on the environment, the third one causes the least damage. Introduced Scenario one has the most adverse effects on human health and ecosystem quality. However, introduced scenario Two has less than the others. In general, the effects of scenario three [landfilling plus recycling, incineration and composting] is less than the other two scenarios which makes it a better candidate for further investigations
Subject(s)
Waste Management , EcosystemABSTRACT
Working memory impairment is one of the most important cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis [MS] patients that affect the quality of life even in the early stages of the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the working memory and the quality of life in MS patients. This case-control study was performed on 35 [case] and 28 healthy [control] participants. Working memory and quality of life were assessed using Wechsler adult intelligence scale and the MS quality of life 54 [MSQOL-54] inventory, respectively. Results showed a significant difference between the two groups in the means of working memory in both auditory [P<0.001] and visual span [P<0.0001] as well as physical quality of life [P<0.04]. Moreover, logistic regression analysis showed that MS disease had an impact on both physical [OR= 0.679 and CI= 0.889-0.519] and mental [OR= 0.929 and CI= 0.857-0.998] components of the quality of life. Findings of the study indicate that cognition is an effective factor to engage in activities of daily living. Moreover, the relation between the working memory impairment and the quality of life in MS patients highlights the importance of the early recognition of cognitive deficit
ABSTRACT
Shortage of available water resource and deficiency of rainfall, increasing in population growth and industrial development, suitable use of water resources and pollution prevention is an essential issue in accord with sustainable development and environmental protection. Present study shows the qualitative status of Mehran River and determines its pollution or non pollution to municipal wastewater and to assess qualitative characteristics of the water according to international water quality index. Padding strand of MEHRAN River from source to end has been done for wistful determination of branches, runoff and wastewater entrances, etc. Necessary decisions were made for determining sampling points and critical and effective points on water quality then water samples were analyzed to determine chemical and microbiological characteristics. Results showed the average of BOD5, COD, TSS, NO3, DO, pH, Turbidity and color are about 80 +/- 30, 155 +/- 58, 1013 +/- 637, 7.3 +/- 2, 4.5 +/- 3.5 mg/l, 7.2 +/- 1, 385 +/- 238 NTU, 122 +/- 70 TCU respectively. It could be concluded that the Mehran River is completely polluted with municipal sewage and is unsanitary. Water quality index varies in the range of 41-52 and the water is classified as number 4. At present the river is in a dangerous ore toxic state and could not be considered as drinking water resource or needs more advanced water treatment units